The Impact Of Low Socioeconomic Status On Student Success...

Out-of-school factors and educational inequalities affect the academic success of students in the lower class population. The research questions that will be answered in this research paper are: What is the impact of low socioeconomic status on student success and failure? Does culture have a (positive or negative) impact on educational equality? The significance of the topic is to elucidate and educate others on how crucial it is for teachers and principals to understand the backgrounds and dynamics which surround students of the lower class population. This research paper will reveal the encumbrances children encounter in their daily walks of life. Out-of-school factors to be discussed will include family economic status, culture,†¦show more content†¦By the time the lower class parent(s) get home they are too exhausted to read to their children. Moreso, they may even be dropping by to ensure their kids are in place and/or changing uniforms for the next job. This results in very short, simplistic conversations, leaving no opportunities for vocabulary expansion. It is not surprisingly at all that non-school factors impact school achievement.The two aspects of parenting that seem to matter most are intellectual stimulation (eg, talking, reading, answering â€Å"why?† questions) and emotional support for examp le bonding with infants so that they grow up confident and secure (Parenting in America, 2014). Before most lower class students exit their homes, they have already dealt with numerous issues by the time they reach school. These students have encountered so many problems they did not create. However, being in that place at that particular time, they are a part of the what seems to be a never-ending equation. Students from the lower social class are not afforded the same opportunities as their peers from the upper and middle class to attend structured after school programs or organized extracurricular activities because their families cannot afford it. These students go home to play in the neighborhoods or streets, sometimes getting involved in gang activity or picking up habits (i.e., using profanity, smoking, drinking, drugs, experiencing sex) from non-productive people. Lower social class parents cannot affordShow MoreRelatedEffects of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity on a Child1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe socioeconomic status of a family and their ethnicity has a substantial effect on their child’s early learning and determines how much their child will accomplish through life. Life events from before birth to three years old will have significant impact on brain development (Nelson, 1999). Socioeconomic status limits how much a family could provide to aid a child’s development. Middle-class families can better prepare their children with opportunities for success than families with low householdRead MoreUnderstanding And Influencing Educational Adaptability Among At Risk African American Students Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pages Understanding and Influencing Educational Adaptability Among At-Risk African American Students : The Role of Administration Edward A. Delgado Texas AM University – San Antonio I certify that I am the author of this paper titled Understanding and Influencing Educational Adaptability among At-Risk African American Students: The Role of Administration, and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also citedRead MoreFactors that Influence a Childs Engagement in the Classroom1028 Words   |  4 Pagespoverty. There are nearly fifty million Americans living in poverty. Poverty has a huge impact on many aspects of a child’s life, one of them being his or her learning in the classroom. Children from low-income homes have different backgrounds and needs than those from middle-class environments that can influence their ability to concentrate, pay attention, and interact with peers during school. Poverty impacts a child’s health and nutrition, vocabulary, effort, mind-set, cognition, relationshipsRead MoreEffects Of Dropout On The Latino Communities Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesS trategies to Increase G.P.A in Latino Communities The Latino population is increasing and data shows that there is a vast majority of students who are dropping out of school. Dropout rates are a great concern to school districts and to the U.S. in general. If the population is increasing this means that our future generation needs to be well equipped to help us progress. There are several studies and research that discusses the different factors that contribute to dropout rates in the Latino communitiesRead MoreCultural Diversity Research Project :1436 Words   |  6 Pagesclassrooms are nothing more than a melting pot. Each student brings a different viewpoint and perspective to the classroom. As the chef of the melting pot, an educator must make sure each ingredient is savored. According to Teachers, Schools, and Society, demographic forecasting predicts that by 2030 almost half the school population will be from non-European ethnic groups. It’s essential that educators meet the needs of our diverse students. Failure to f airness in the classroom is not an option. TheRead MoreSchool As A Context For Development956 Words   |  4 Pagesexplicit instruction that are provided in their culture from their families. The children who come from low-income backgrounds are found to do poorly in subjects, as well as standardize testing. Some thoughts are whether standardized testing discriminates against ethnic minority students and students from low income backgrounds, which usually rank below from other students in other socioeconomic status. Formal education is shown through daily activities, that value cultural skills and knowledge thatRead MoreThe Equal Education System9443 Words   |  38 Pagesfrom this egalitarian system. Only 17% of Australians from low-socioeconomic backgrounds are able to attend university , roughly half the likelihood of Australians from medium and high socioeconomic backgrounds. This degree of socio-academic inequality has remained relatively stable for over a decade, creating a social stigma where individuals from high-socioeconomic households tend to succeed academically compared to their low-socioeconomic counterparts. However, on a micro-level I have witnessedRead MoreHow Can Tie A Shoelace? Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesare all abilities that are acquired through a cycle of learning and experiencing. A plethora of what we know stems from a mentor who instructed us on something outside of our realm of experiences. We, then as students, had to apply the given information and learn throu gh our mistakes and failures to reach our present level of proficiency. However, if there is a lack in mentorship and supervision, it would be very difficult to acquire these skills. Therefore, when Denworth found out that her son AlexRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1737 Words   |  7 Pagesin the ability to learn between students from majority populations and students from minority populations. The most significant effort made by the federal government to improve the nation s schools and student learning is the 2002 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The ESEA was largely designed to address the achievement gap in multicultural education. However, improvement in the academic performances of poor and minority students has been slow over the last fortyRead MoreHow Should Tuition Inflation Be The Central Cause? Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesWays to Improve California Community Colleges Introduction From the politician to the student, everyone agrees that education is key in creating upward mobility, but the community colleges in California are turning out to ineffective in serving the students that need them the most. There is a huge conflict on what type of changes need to be implemented to reform the community colleges, but as with most debates and no central consensus, nothing is being done about the community colleges in California

Assisted Suicide A Controversial Issue - 880 Words

Assisted suicide is a very controversial subject in the healthcare world and like most things there are a lot of areas that are not written in black and white. Though assisted suicide is only legal in five states it is still practiced all across the United States. In most cases, little to no information is provided to the families and the terminally ill patients on what assisted suicide truly is and what it not. It all has to do with the intent, but most conversations are reduced to a wink or nod and a type of unspoken understanding that prevents healthcare providers from being prosecuted, but in the process leaving the family members confused and with unanswered questions. If the same practices continue, in the future healthcare providers will have to deal with the challenges of sidestepping questions and leaving the families in the dark during one of the most emotional and intense time of their lives. Keywords: assisted suicide, illegal, nurses, healthcare The Gray Areas of Assisted Suicide The article I selected speaks about assisted suicide, a health care issue that is being debated by Americans. Assisted suicide or also known as physician assisted suicide (PAS) is defined as the suicide of a patient suffering from an incurable disease, effected by the taking of lethal drugs provided by a doctor for this purpose (Oxford Dictionaries, n.d.). Currently assisted suicide is illegal in all states except Oregon, Vermont, Washington, Montana, and New Mexico. ThisShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide As A Controversial Issue1899 Words   |  8 PagesAssisted suicide has become a highly controversial issue over the last few years. The question left unanswered is: should people have the right to end their life with the help of a physician? Many are against the idea of aiding someone in dying. Doctors are some of the most vocal critics when it comes to assisted suicide. To doctors, helping someone end their life is incompatible with their role as a healer. However, there comes a po int when a patient sees death as hope for relief, not an act ofRead MoreThe Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide821 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide Imagine youu have just found out you are going to die within three months. Recently the questions have been changed form, What am I going to do with the rest of my life? to When should I kill myself? With painful and crippling diseases such as AIDS and cancer, and Alzheimers along with doctors such as Dr. Kavorkian, some people are choosing death over life. Doctor assisted suicide has been a very controversial subject in the past fewRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide1962 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The topic of legalizing Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) has long been a controversial issue in Canada and has recently received increased attention. In 1993, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled the provisions of the Criminal Code prohibiting assisted suicide. Two decades later, the Supreme Court of Canada began to deliberate whether to uphold or strike down the law prohibiting doctor-assisted suicide. On October 15th (What is the year), the nine justices of the Supreme Court heard impassionedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Controversial Moral Issue939 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is a controversial moral issue that I feel should be allowed in all states not just a few. Right now there are only five states that have some type of death with dignity law; one which has some extra steps that need to be taken to be able to use the law. Over the last year there has been more media coverage on this topic because of a young woman named Brittany Maynard, who decided to tell her story with needing this option. The real question though should be do we haveRead More Euthanasia Essay - The Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide805 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide      Ã‚   Imagine youu have just found out you are going to die within three months. Recently the questions have been changed form, What am I going to do with the rest of my life? to When should I kill myself?   With painful and crippling diseases such as AIDS and cancer, and Alzheimers along with doctors such as Dr. Kavorkian, some people are choosing death over life.   Doctor assisted suicide has been a very controversialRead MoreThe Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Released1181 Words   |  5 PagesPrevention released a suicide report in 2015 stating that in The United States, suicide is the 10th leading cause of deaths. As many as 44,193 individuals have died per year, which means there is about 123 suicide deaths a day happening as of now in The United States (â€Å"Suicide Statistics†). This is only the statistics of deaths that have been successful in The United States, it is not counting all suicide deaths around the world nor suicide attempts. This alone is already a major issue everywhere in theRead MoreThe Legal Definition Of Assisted Suicide987 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide is one of the most controversial topics in the medical world today. Many individuals feel as if it is wrong to ask your physician to end your life regardless of your condition. Patients that are terminally ill and that want to end their life with dignity and on their terms often seek assistance in ending their life. They may have many reasons for wanting to end their life instead of holding on such as they do not want to become a burden to theirRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is also known as assisted suicide. It is a very controversial procedure. It is not favored by many. However, in present day society is little bit inclined towards assisted suicide. There is ongoing debate on the legalization of assisted suicide. The main reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way t o decrease pain in the end of life. Read MoreEthical Considerations in Dealing with Changes in the Healthcare System929 Words   |  4 PagesA topic of consideration that creates controversial discussion is the subject of physician-assisted suicide. Physician-assisted suicide is described as the act in which a physician provides the means necessary for the client to perform the act of suicide. The issue of physician-assisted suicide is viewed through many different perspectives. The topic of physician-assisted suicide has been debated since the development of medicine. Physician-assisted suicide was first legalized in the United StatesRead MoreEssay On Physician Assisted Suicide1549 Words   |  7 PagesWriting Project Worksheet 1. This paper will examine the Washington state policy of physician-assisted suicide. 2. State Info: (characteristics, size, culture, political culture, industries, features, etc. to explain state support of policy) Washington is a state in the northwestern United States with an estimated population of 7,288,000, as of July 1, 2016. Washington’s population is primarily white at 69% (not including Hispanics), with Hispanics comprising 12.4%, Asians 8.6%, and African Americans

What Needs to be Done About Meaningful Essay Topic Samples Before You Miss Your Chance

What Needs to be Done About Meaningful Essay Topic Samples Before You Miss Your Chance The New Angle On Meaningful Essay Topic Samples Just Released In the debut, you've got to provide some background information regarding the subject of your thesis before you proceed to discuss your points. If you can choose this issue by yourself, you get a fantastic benefit! Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. Besides having an intriguing essay topic, you must use develop it in a perfect way. When you write such papers, you learn to talk about the theme and locate the argumentation that could prove your standpoint to be absolutely the most convincing. Such type of essay has a wide variety of topics. While informal essays don't need specific understanding of particular topics, we recommend that you look at the info you use while writing. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Downloading many samples and templates on a particular topic can help you to comprehend the subject, to observe how every section needs to be completed and to come across new tips for your own work! Below is an excellent instance of best essay topics that satisfy the 2 categories really well. These topics will be able to help you attain that. When you think of a list of subjects you enjoy, consider ways to approach it from an intriguing angle. To receive a better grip at writing, essay writing is a powerful exercise which then provides the ability to write on just about any subject of your interest. All in all, it is a simple task when you have the right topic. Expository essay is a sort of assignment that demands demonstration of your research and reasoning skills on a specific topic. Actually, understanding how to compose a persuasive essay is a significant skill for students of various specialties. Whenever you demand quick assistance by means of your task, contact on-line expert writing service which may prepare an argumentative essay on this issue you prefer. If you are attempting to determine what you will write about in your essay, these suggestions are what you demand. In case you've been requested to compose a persuasive essay, there's every possibility that it is possible to learn so much from the experience and actually get to use a few of that knowledge to compose an extremely excellent paper. All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work punctually. Today, it's one of the most honest and ethical professions, and we believe it is only going to evolve in the not too distant future. Non-written sources are wise for inspiration. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering a notion that might be a huge deal to another pers on. Meaningful Essay Topic Samples - Is it a Scam? Based on the quantity of arguments you've got, you have to form your body paragraphs. Your persuasive essay ought to have a very clear plan, which will provide you an opportunity to center on the most important elements of the work and put aside all of the minor arguments. What's more, it's advised that you use transitional words and sentences so as to sustain a flow in the interview essay. Actually, sources employed for writing the synthesis essay needs to be perceived as building blocks using which you construct your distinctive idea. Moreover, in-text citations will present your awareness of the various papers formats. Hopefully, our nursing essay topics will motivate you to write a terrific paper. If it is all about figuring out how to compose an AP English synthesis essay, it's important to open the official AP website with the present requirements and study the grading rubric to comprehend what things to concentrate on. Reading through our lists is the quickest approach to produce a superior idea for your essay. It is insufficient to offer an overview of each observed text.

A Reflection On My Spirit Essay - 1416 Words

Introduction My spirit felt ill at ease while learning about the Gospel Order during our on-site class discussion last June. The Holy Spirit convicted me of being at fault for taking the act of worship lightly and getting too comfortable. Likewise, the Holy Spirit persuaded me to consider the reason we gather for worship and whether we are telling God’s story. I began this doctoral journey under the assumption that I knew a great deal about worship. Coming from a Latino church where God’s presence is distinct throughout our worship experience, I pondered worship renewal was not necessary. â€Å"Oh foolish me,† is what I thought after being confronted by the fact that worship trends, peoples’ expectations and just pure laziness had blindsided me. Back home, I did some soul searching, hoping I would figure out why I had fallen prey to the most common worship tendencies. Thus, mindful of the need to evaluate our worship practices, I addressed my concerns to my husband, the senior pastor, and a group our leaders. The dialogues held revealed that our worship order lacked: intentional scripture reading, different types of prayers, a moment of confession, Trinitarian language, and a well-designed liturgy for the sacred act of the Lord’s Table. Recognizing that I had opted to overlook this reality and done nothing to bring about change, I began formulating questions for my project: Is the congregation familiar with a worship order? Do they see a need for a better order of worship? WhatShow MoreRelatedThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan1459 Words   |  6 PagesWiktoria Ostrowska 12/1/15 JLC FLE First Draft English 8-6 Clear Reflection, of Personality The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan follows multiple Chinese-American women who struggle with their self-identity and creating a balance between American and Chinese culture. Because of their immigration and many hardships in life, many of theRead MorePaco 500 Journal1464 Words   |  6 Pagesexpectations than those with other helping professionals.† (Benner, 33) Reflection: This quote reminds me that having the position of a pastor gives one great responsibility both before man and God as a representative of God to people. Additionally, whether â€Å"fair† or not, people hold pastors to a higher standard because of the position. Relocation: I hope and pray that as I continue to grow through this course and focus on my responsibilities that come with the position I must be willing to giveRead MoreUsf Contemporary Art Museum : Visit Museum1537 Words   |  7 Pagesit’s just an illusion created by velvet- like material called flocking. It’s 2-D art, but it’s like the carnival â€Å"funhouse† mirrors, distorting the reflection image. The median and tools are screen print. The technique used to create the artwork is a new style called â€Å"Finish Fetish†, which are high glossed polish and velvet surfaces. This was a reflection of Los Angeles aesthetic of Hollywood and technology. Larry Bell used a motorized camera that can photograph at 360 degrees. By using this cameraRead MoreThe United Methodist Church’s Book of Discipline Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesMethodist Christian movement. The Wesleyan Quadrilateral provides the format for an organized study of Theology. The four properties are Scripture, Reason, Tradition and Experience. I will summarize these four components and then provide a personal reflection on them. Scripture The first and foundational aspect of the quadrilateral is Scripture. God’s Holy Word. To Wesley, the Bible was the only book needed and he considered it the first and final authority. He considered Scripture to be primary withRead MoreReflection Paper1562 Words   |  7 PagesReflection Paper #1 Rhonda Carter Theology 104-D11 LOU April 15, 2013 I. Introduction This paper will be written to discuss the two topics I have chosen to write about for my first reflection paper. The topics I chose are spiritual gifts and love. When you start to think about it, these two things go together. If a person uses their spiritual gifts for the right reasons they will be doing it out of love for God. A lot of people these days do not use theirRead MorePersonality Reflection Essay694 Words   |  3 PagesPersonality reflection Melody Jones PSY/250 April 14, 2011 Murray Johnson What is a personality? A personality is a reflection of a person identity of a human being but we don’t share the same type of personality. There are so many different type of personality in the world some people have outgoing, shy, crazy, and settle personality. There are some people where there culture and surrounding shape their personality traits. In my culture and surrounding it has help me shape my personalityRead MoreNature: Goddess of Africa1650 Words   |  7 PagesNature: Goddess of Africa Okara’s invocation towards the mighty Spirit of the Land â€Å"But standing behind a tree With leaves around her waist She only smiled with a shake of her head.†--- Okara recites his view of the spirit of Africa as a form of the Nature Goddess in the poem The Mystic Drum. Okara worships her to revive the spirit of Africa, and the way he seemed to be doing it is by being more and more close to the nature. This closeness can be found in most of the poems of this African poet GabrielRead MoreReflection On Values Reflection And Clarification1432 Words   |  6 Pages Values Reflection and Clarification Breonna Bastian Metropolitan State University Reflection Reflecting on our values and beliefs at times can be a very important part of our lives. It not only helps us become more aware of how we react to things or situations, but it also makes our decision - making easier in both our personal and professional life. When reflecting on my personal life, I am able to depict what inspires me, feeds my spirit, nurtures my personal growth, and what ultimatelyRead MoreThe Spiritual Journey Of Jesus1192 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction I have chosen Worship as my most favoured Christian discipline. Worship comes to me as a natural practice to give thanks and gratitude to Jesus for all he’s done and is doing for all humanity. I praise and pray on a daily basis, either through quiet reflective time in prayer to listening to worship music in the car, work and at home. Worship allows me to give thanks for the incredible gifts Jesus has given me and keeps my mind focused my spiritual journey in Jesus. Jesus is worth allRead MoreKierkegaard s Work On The Present Age1503 Words   |  7 Pageshow he felt about the progression and direction of the society of his time. He claimed that through the processes which he coins leveling, the public, reflection, and chatter, humanity was in a spiraling down fall in which society was being destroyed by the aspects of culture and what Hegel called the human Spirit in his book Phenomenology of Spirit. Kierkegaard claimed that these phenomena mentioned were ruining humanity as I’m sure it appeared to him. When observing our own modern times, we see

Cbt (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud) Free Essays

Evan Hall ECPY 421 CBT (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud) Introduction. Freud, being the â€Å"father† of psychology, has had an impact on the development of almost every other theory to fallow his own Psychotherapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Cbt (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud) or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is primarily because most recognizable psychological theorists began their training under some form of Psychotherapy. B. F. Skinner was one of the many theorists affected by Freud and his theories. However, even though Skinner originally studied Psychotherapy he eventually decided to stray from Freudian theory and develop his of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.Being derived from Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy shares some ideas but has many differences. Both theories deal with altering the thoughts and behaviors of clients but on different levels and in different ways. Differences. Freud’s theory of Psychotherapy focuses solely on the unconscious mind and works to help the client to acquire some insight on their unconscious beliefs and behaviors. Measurement of the unconscious mind can be difficult considering its questionable existence. However, Freud was convinced that the unconscious mind was an imperative part of people’s lives and greatly effects their behavior and mental health. Freud’s therapeutic technique was for the therapist to be a blank slate and have absolutely no effect on the client. The client was then allowed to free associate, verbally expressing anything and everything that came to mind. It was Freud’s belief that everything expressed was an important clue to attaining the insight needed to relieve the problems which were troubling the client.Freud also believed that nothing said or done by the client was unintentional or a mistake. Freud believed that these â€Å"Freudian slips† were actually the unconscious mind, or the Id, breaking through the barriers created by the Ego and Superego. Freud believed that these barriers were created to control the impulses of the unconscious thereby protecting the individual from the morals of the surrounding society and vice versa. Freud’s technique was non-confrontational in that the therapist provided no guidance to the client. The therapist would only ask the client to consider the ossible hidden meanings to their trail of thought they had verbally expressed during their free association. (Dilman, 1988) Skinner on the other hand, considered the mind to be a â€Å"black box† and believed it was impossible to be measured or even considered when analyzing human behavior. Even though Skinner started off under Psychotherapy, he developed his theory of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy without any consideration of the unconscious mind. Skinner believed that all human behavior was learned and that the thought process involved in enacting the behavior could be conditioned.Skinner’s theory involved the use of the Skinner box. In the Skinner box either a rat or a pigeon was trained to perform a specific behavior in order to receive a food reward. Skinner used the food as reinforcement to promote the repetition of a specific behavior. Skinner created this form of operant conditioning after fallowing Pavlov’s studies in operant conditioning. Skinner believed that the unconscious mind was irrelevant when attempting to understand human behavior because all behaviors are learned using conscious cognition, which has no place in the unconscious mind.Skinner believed that all people are born as blank slates and that they are shaped and molded by the environment they live in. (Gelso Fretz, 2001) Similarities. There are very few similarities in the specifics of Freud and Skinner’s theories. The goal of Freud’s theory is for the client to gain insight on their unconscious impulses and behaviors so that the client may bring their unconscious behaviors into their conscious mind, allowing them to control or edit those behaviors to their liking. Skinner also attempts to alter human behavior, although in a more direct manner. Both of the theories focus on the past experiences of the clients. Freud believed that all unconscious behaviors and impulses are primal and imprinted in our brains at birth, but they are only malleable during the first five years of life. Skinner also focused on the clients past and how they may have been taught to behave through operant conditioning. Both theories end goal consist of altering or repressing undesired behaviors.Psychotherapy uses the acquiring of insight to allow the client to observe their unconscious behaviors bringing them into their conscious thoughts so that they may edit or suppress those behaviors. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy used the techniques of reinforcement and extinction to either promote or discourage specific behaviors. (Gelso Fretz, 2001) Skinner’s Theory in Depth. Skinner’s main theory of reinforcement is based in the behavioral approach where the theorists focus mainly on the overt behaviors of people and how they can be measured to some stimulus in our environment.An individual’s personality develops mostly in response to how they are reinforced or punished for responding to their environments. Due to ethical restrictions Skinner was not able to fully test operant conditioning with his Skinner box on humans, but he claimed that rats and pigeons would suffice because they share the same elemental processes as humans. This could be considered a weakness of Skinner’s theory because one may argue that humans may have similar elemental processes they also have much more developed cognitive processes that vastly exceed the limitations of rats and pigeons.One of the strengths of Skinner’s reinforcement theory is its effectiveness on young children. Most parents toda y still use a system of rewards and punishment to condition their children’s behavior, reinforcing the good behavior and discouraging the bad. Today’s jobs also use a system of rewards and punishment to condition employees to follow the rules the company seeks to enforce. If an employee follows the rules and displays the appropriate behavior, they could be rewarded with a pay raise, a promotion, or positive acknowledgement.If an employee doesn’t follow the rules they could be reprimanded with negative feedback, demotions, or cut hours for part time employees. Another weakness of Skinners reinforcement theory is its inability to be applied in most forms of therapy. It’s difficult for a therapist to manipulate a client’s behavior with a system of rewards and punishments simply because the therapist can’t be around the client at all times. Reinforcement theory is best used in a self-regulated system of rewards and punishment. However, without some sort of external monitoring there is no certainty to the reinforcement. A final strength of the reinforcement theory is its usefulness in behavioral modification when dealing with individuals with behavioral issues. Whether a therapist or parent is dealing with an unruly young child or a rebellious and troubled teen, Skinner’s reinforcement theory can be used to edit ones behaviors to promote the desired and discourage the undesired. (Toates, 2009) Conclusion. Even though Freud could be considered the â€Å"father† of psychology, his old theory of Psychotherapy has had at least some effect on almost all of the theories to follow his own.Skinner’s theory of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and reinforcement is no exception when considering Freud’s influence. However, it would seem that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Psychotherapy are on opposite ends of the therapy spectrum. Though the two theories do share some similarities, they have a vast amount of differences. Although Skinners theory of reinforcement is still used to help modify the behaviors of individuals with behavioral issues or the behaviors of younger children or young teens, it has many limits.Skinners reinforcement theory has little application in a therapist-client relationship because of time constraints and other physical limitations. Reinforcement theory also has limitations when considering experiments with human subjects. The theory could be seen as unethical and inhumane because it goal is to manipulate and shape the behaviors of people while ignoring their emotions and opinions. However, even with these limitations people still use Skinners reinforcement theory when molding the behaviors of their children to fit the values and rules of the environment they will be growing up in. How to cite Cbt (Skinner) vs. Psychotherapy (Freud), Papers

Legal Provisions of Groeneveld Australia Pty Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about theLegal Provisions of Groeneveld Australia Pty Ltd,Ors v Nolten Ors. Answer: Introduction The paper discusses the legal provisions of the case of Groeneveld Australia Pty Ltd Ors v Nolten Ors (No 3) [2010] VSC 533. The Corporation Act 2001 provides statutory duties which the directors of a company must comply with disposing off their duties. The legislations provide statutory directors duties through Section 180-184. Section 181 provides that the actions of the directors should be in favor of the best interest of the company. According to section 181 the directors must not misuse their position in or to gain a personal benefit or benefit for another person by bring detriment to the company. Section 183 provides that the directors must not use the information obtained through the company to get personal benefits by bringing detriment to the company. According to section 184 if the directors intentionally and recklessly breach the duties in section 181-183 they are liable for criminal proceedings[1]. There are other duties which have been imposed on the directors of the c ompany through commonlaw which include duty of acting bona fide and for the interest of the company, discretion retaining duty, responsibility of avoiding conflict of interest and not using power in an improper manner. The directors can be removed from the position if they fail to comply with the duties and may also have to pay compensation to the company. The directors can also be banned from managing any other corporation for a period up to five years if it is found that they have breached their duties. Case facts The case took place in the Supreme Court of Victoria before the commercial and equity division commercial court. In this case the plaintiff was Groeneveld Australia pty ltd and the defendant was wouter nolten ors. The case is concerned with directors duties with respect to a company. In this case the plaintiff alleged that fiduciary and statutory duties of directors had been breached by the defendants. The directors did not provide accounts for profits, allowance for fiduciarys efforts, resources, property and skills[2]. The claim was based on various payments made by Groeneveld South Island Limited who was the distributor of the plaintiff to the defendants. The first defendant was the managing director of the plaintiff at the time of incorporation. The employment was terminated because the defendant allegedly breached directors duties which are under review of this case[3]. The plaintiff was relying on commonlaw and equitable remedies against the defendant and the company related t o him with respect to the breach of fiduciary and statutory duties by him. Breach of directors duties The plaintiff had made an allegation that the defendant breached the fiduciary and statutory duties which he owed to the defendant company by not disclosing the private arrangement he created with GSI. The plaintiff now wanted the accounts of profit which were made by the defendant due to such arrangements. The fact provided by the plaintiff was admitted by the defendant that they received payments from the company however the claim was defended by the defendants by stating that the payments were for a legal purpose and were not related to the distribution arrangements between GSI and GA. There was no obligation imposed on Mr Nolten by law that he has to disclose his arrangements related to the IT services to GA. It was further provided by the defendants that the plaintiffs failed to provide any evidence that the payments were in form of a franchise fees and a specific allegation that such payments should be categorized as franchise payments was also not present. It was further alleg ed by the plaintiff that the defendant misused his position with respect to his power to put and hold the shares of the plaintiff company. The defendant in this case had made calls on share just as he got to know that he was about to get terminate from his position through notice because of incorporating a company which was competing with the plaintiff. The put option was exercised by the defendant as soon as he was dismissed. The plaintiff had thus refused to issue share with respect to the second call and the company associated with the defendant did not comply with its obligation to purchase with respect to the put and call agreement. It was also claimed by the plaintiff in this case that the defendant failed to comply with his duty of honesty towards the put and call options. With respect to the Perth rent claim it was provided by the plaintiff that the defendant leased the a warehouse from TTM for the company without disclosing the interest which he had in TTM to the board of GA. The defendant allegedly made profits out of the lease and did not disclose it to the board. It was argued by the defendant that they have no obligation to account for the profit made through the lease to the board of GA. It was also provided by the plaintiff that an increased rent as compared to the market rate was paid to TTM with respect to the lease. With respect to the claim for equitable compensation it was claimed by the plaintiff that the defendants must compensate them for the losses faced by the plaintiff along with an award of equitable compensation. It was submitted by the defendants that this was not in any sense a loss made by the plaintiff and the account for profit was enough as a remedy discarding equitable compensation. An order against the defendant was also wanted by the plaintiff with respect to the account of profit from the lease based on the rent in the market. It was also provided that the plaintiff had made arrangements in a flat owned by his company Nolten Investment for the purpose of accommodation for the guest of GA without disclosing his interest in the company to the board. The defendant charged $37,180 from the plaintiff as fees for accommodation. A misleading and deceptive conduct claim was also made by the plaintiff under Section 9 of the Fair trading Act 1999. It was claimed by the plaintiff that the defendant had kept the plaintiff under an illusion that he was diligently complying with the fiduciary and statutory duties he had under law. It was also provided that the defendant had knowledge that the representation was deceptive, false and misleading and the plaintiffs were not aware about it. The plaintiff in this case have also claimed declaration against the plaintiff with respect to 1317E of the Corporation Act 2001 which respect to this breach of acting in good faith under Section 181, not misusing his position under Section 182 and Section 183 of not misusing information obtained through the company. The plaintiff also wanted declaration from the breach of fiduciary duties by the defendant along with contravention of duty to act honestly. Decision of the court It was held by the court in this case that the approval of shares issue with respect to exercising the call option the position of manager held by Mr. Nolten had been misused for the purpose of making personal gain and initiating a conflict of interest which was not disclosed to the plaintiff[4]. It was pointed out by the court that even though a positive duty with respect to the fiduciary to disclose conflict does not exist if a fiduciary enters into a dealing which would account to the breach of duty than he must disclose such dealing and conflict to the board[5]. It was also provided by the court that the approval of board had to be required for the purpose of issue of share. In this case also the defendant did not completely disclose his interest in the resolution whereas he stated that he has bone it completely[6]. This is sufficient ground for the plaintiff to terminate the employment of the defendant and in such case the call option would have expired immediately. The court he ld that the second call option was invalid because of the same reason the court further held that the put option with respect to the company was also not valid. It was also held by the court that the defendant engaged in false deceptive and misleading conduct during the period of 2005-2009 by assuring the board that he was complying with the fiduciary and statutory duties of directors. He induced the other directors of the defendant company to allow the issue of shares under wrongful assumption that they could not on any basis terminate the employment of Mr. Nolten. The conduct of the defendant was also held to be of fraud and deceit by the court. The court ruled that an implied term of good faith existed with respect to both option agreements and Mr. Nolten could not establish a balance between the condition of the agreements and his statutory and fiduciary duties. The court held that because of the above mentioned reason the duty to act in good faith had been breached by Mr. Nolte n. The decision of the court is discussed in details as follows[7]. With respect to the GSI Franchise Fee claim the evidence provided by mark Alston was accepted by the judge. The court held that the payment entered mistakenly by the bookkeeper of GSI into the MYOB accounts of the company as distributor fees for the financial year 2005-2006. The mistake was committed by the accountant of GSI into the 2005-2006 accounts as franchise fees by mistake. The evidence provided by Alston proved that the mistake had been rectified in the next year account as communication and service co-location fees with respect to the amount paid by GSI for IT computer services. The judge held through evidence that the agreement made between GSI and Mr. Nolten was to supply computer and the payment received were for the supply of computers. The agreement was not entered in private capacity by Mr. Nolten. However Mr. Nolter misused his position of managing director and made arrangements which would benefit him personally[8]. Thus he breached section 182 and 184 of the Corpor ation Act. It was held by relying on the evidence provided by Mr Alston that the defendant said he had access over the quotations of GA and would help him gain the tender and thus he misused information and breached section 183 of the corporation act[9]. It was also found through evidence that he received an extra personal amount with respect to the agreement which accounted to $2500 per month. It was unsustainable to accept the argument that a diversion in business activities did not occur[10]. The fact that the position of managing director was used to make personal gains without disclosing it to the other directors is clearly an indication related to the breach of Section 182 of the CA. Thus the plaintiff have the right to order of the defendant account for profit made with respect to the arrangements with GSI[11]. With respect to the Perth rent claim the court accepted the evidence provided by Mr. Bellerby with respect to the market rent. It was held by the court after analyzing the market rent that the price which had to be paid by BA to Perth was in excess by $10.700 as compared to the market rent. It was also found by the court that GA paid the rent in excess for many years. Thus it was ruled by the court that the defendant misused his position in this respect for personal gains which bought detriment to the company. The court considered the background of Mr. Hazebroek along with his experience in the market could not be regarded as the subject of the evidence. Thus the court rejected the evidence on anticipated returns provided by him[12]. In relation to the equitable compensation claim court based its decision on cases such as Pilmer v Duke Group Limited (in liq)(2001) 207 CLRand Maguire v Makaronis(1997) 188 CLR 449. In these cases also the question before the court was to determine equitable compensation. An argument was provided by the senior counsel for the defendant that such accounts have a clear element of double-dipping. It can be said that starting point for GA would be that they should be entitled to all the profit which had been made by Mr. Nolten and his company. The burden proof is on the defendants to show that it would not be just if GA is made to receive the total profit and some profit should be allowed towards the defendants. The court held that they were not able to prove the preceding sentence[13]. No proof had been provided with respect to the position which the defendant would have been if the plaintiff would have not leased the place from them. In the same way the defendant were not able to prov e that the plaintiff would receive no benefit from the allowance or the allowance is unjustified[14]. With respect to the baker street flat the defendants admitted that they should account for the profit made with respect to the rent paid by GA. However they claimed that they should be provided with certain allowance with respect to the cost which GA would have incurred for any other flat. They cited the case of Warman International Ltd v Dwyer(1995) 182 CLR 544,557 where the court provided for such allowance for the defendants. However in this case the contention related to the allowance was rejected by the court. Similar to the case of Perth rent claim the court did not find any evidence in relation to what would have been the position of the defendant if GA would have not availed the flat. With respect to the generallaw claim made by the plaintiff the court held that the defendants were libel for he breach of statutory and fiduciary duties. In relation to the duty to act in good faith and best interest of the company the court held that the defendants had breached the duty as no actions taken by them were for the interest of the company. All actions discussed and analyzed in this case had been taken with the intention of making personal gains. In relation to the duty not to use the position of a director for personal gain of himself or for others without making disclosure as provided in section 182 the defendant had in various situations misused his position for personal benefits and the benefits of companies associated with him . Thus the court had no doubt that the statutory and fiduciary duty had been breached[15]. Similarly, the defendant unethically used the information he gained acting as the director of the company in various situations for personal benefits wit hout disclosure and thus was entitled to the breach of section 183 of the CA. Thus the court upheld the claim of the plaintiff and held the defendants liable for breach. References Breen v Williams(1995-6) 186 CLR 71 Breen v Williams(1995-6) 186 CLR 71;Pilmer v Duke Group Ltd (in liq)(2001) 207 CLR 165. Centofanti v Eekimitor Pty Ltd(1995) 15 ACSR 629 Chan v Zacharia(1984) 154 CLR 178 Corporation Act 2001 Demetrious v Gikas Dry Cleaning Industries(1991) 22 NSWLR 561 Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd v Southern Pacific Petroleum NL[2005] VSCA 228 Fair Trading Act 1999 Garry Rogers Motors (Aust) Pty Ltd v Subaru (Aust) Pty Ltd Groeneveld Australia Pty Ltd Ors v Nolten Ors (No 3) [2010] VSC 533 Hospital Products Limited v United Surgical Corporation(1984) 154 CLR 41 Joint Stock Discount Co v Brown(1869) Permanent Building Society (in liq) v Wheeler(1994) 14 ACSR 109 Smith v Chadwick(1884) 9 AC 187 State of South Australia v Clark(1996) 19 ACSR 606 Taco Company of Australia Inc v Taco Bell Pty Ltd(1982) 42 ALR 177 Whitlam v Australian Securities and Investments Commission(2003) 57 NSWLR 559.