Saturday, August 31, 2019

Life Must Go On

Life is so challenging! As quoted from the sayings of one of my favorite Poet Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Life is a dream for the wise, a game for the fool, a comedy for the rich and a tragedy for the poor†. It Is so funny to think that in life we seem to encounter the so called cycle. From our day to days venture, we experience things different. We experience new practices, occurrences and new learning that somehow lead us on how we begin the new tomorrow.My dear friends and colleagues at this moment of time, I want you to listen to me for a short while. I want you to listen In my speech on how I strives and gradually step forward towards my desired dream in life. I am already near to where I wanted to be! This is the message that I am very proud to utter in myself. But I know all of these things are still in the hands of the Lord. Who could It think that this person standing to all of you this evening, which become a small boy from yesterday and couldn't speak properly, could now speak to you today like this?And who could it think that this person who become so pessimistic from his yesterdays dream would become persevere and a determiner person today? Nothing, except God! In life we can never Identify the future or the outcome process off person. Indeed! If there are still tomorrow that awaits us always, there will always be chances for us to push through what we've started! Way back when I was still in my childhood days, I could not immediately remove the tragedy in our life which happens in the midst of a happy family.It was the time when my father had passed away. In behalf of my family, we could hardly realize and accept the fact that the life of our beloved father is over. Those things really changed the existence we had and accept the reality that we need to start for a new beginning. Despite of those things which were hard for us to accept what really happened, we still believed that life must go on. We survived from those sorrowful mysteries by beli eving In our self that there is still tomorrow that awaits us in a certain time and that there is always God in our side.That's how life plays around on us; we can never say when we should embark from this place and when we should face challenges. What really needs for us to be ready of Is the fact that any time from now we will depart from this world. Ladies and gentlemen, this is how I surpassed the most remarkable tragic experience in my life. I was not able to be defeated by my fear in my heart that though we do not have now the foundation in our family we were able to step forward in our dreams and goals. My mother who exerts all of her efforts and sacrifices Is our main Inspiration why soul fishing the hindrances and challenges we encounter.Now, It as already 9 years had passed after the incidents happened and it seems that the pain is still in our hearts. My brother will be getting already his diploma on the month of March. And with pride In our heart, we are so thankful that we were able to prove that all things are possible If we believe. And hopefully by the next school year, I will be also getting the victor that I am waiting for almost 15 years. Be humble enough! And believe in yourself that you can do better. As long as we move, groove, always that there will be a certain time for everything. Good Evening!

Friday, August 30, 2019

A Commentary on Plath’s The Surgeon at 2am

Fraught with the stress of depression combined with the pain of a recent miscarriage, Plath was preoccupied with the concept of hospitalisation when writing ‘The Surgeon at 2am'. Taking on the persona of a male surgeon, the controlling role to her more passive role as patient, she explores the concept as the surgeon as master and alludes to a higher power in explaining the apparent magic and complexity of the human body. The title of this poem introduces us to its major subject matter, as is typical of Plath's poetry. The first two lines of the first stanza appear subjective and clinical, introducing us to the idea of the surgeon being a man of science. The line ‘hygienic as heaven' also alludes to death, a commonplace occurrence in any hospital. This is followed through by the reference to the death of the microbes. This also gives an air of control to the poem and allows the reader to understand the controlling role of the surgeon as he performs his work. This stanza also introduces the idea of the surgeon operating as a higher power behind the scenes; ‘a snowfield, frozen and peaceful' explains that he is all alone in his work and that, with the patient being under anaesthetic, he has total control. The metaphor ‘a lump of Chinese white' for the mask of the patient dehumanises him somewhat; the surgeon is left with a body to play with as opposed to a human being. This idea is furthered with the line ‘The soul is another light. : the surgeon deals exclusively with the material and, by the humanisation caused by the mask, hygiene and silence, does not come into contact with the ethereal or profound. As such, this causes contradiction with the previous theme of his higher power, and calls into question the role in which he truly plays within his field of the human body. Is he higher power or merely Santa's proverbial little helper? This first stanza seems, most importantly, to introduce the message that, though the sur geon may be able to perfect the body, he is incapable of coming across the soul. The second stanza further bathetically reduces the surgeon to a craftsman: more specifically a gardener, doing God's dirty work in a human garden. Plath compares organs to ‘tubers and fruit' and their blood to ‘jammy substances', while veins are ‘a mat of roots'. The unnamed ‘assistants' seem to be undergardeners while the narrator does the finest pruning and operating. Although, evidently, the surgeon is familiar with the body, from the line ‘Stenches and colours assail me', he exalts in the beauty of the body and the flawlessness of the organs that he must trim and clip. The last three lines of the stanza complete the sentiment of dirty work as opposed to higher interference. The surgeon is acutely aware of his own incompetence (‘I am so small') and, when faced with the perfection and complexity of the human body, finds his own actions to be clumsy and boorish: ‘I worm and hack' The body with which the surgeon occupies himself becomes not simply a task to be completed, but rather an all-consuming landscape. In the second stanza we are introduced to the garden, perhaps a reference to Eden, while in the third, the surgeon notes sunsets and hot springs. These metaphors also demonstrate the dehumanisation of the body on which he operates. The idea of an all-consuming task also comes through in the line ‘I am up to my elbows in it': this gives the blood and body a more active role and gives almost the impression of it taking control of the surgeon, particularly in the line ‘Still it seeps me up'. The surgeon appears almost reluctant to ‘seal off' the mass of veins and leave the garden, perhaps insinuating that he feels more comfortable in his ‘garden' than in the real world, where people are not merely bodies under a mask of ‘white clay. In the second part of the stanza, the surgeon rhapsodises about the skill of the Romans, showing his respect for logic and discipline. Proclaiming the body to be a ‘Roman thing', he places it on the same pedestal as ‘Aqueducts' and ‘the Baths of Caracella', extolling its capacity for sensible routine (for example, in the pumping of the heart), while, cur iously, paying little attention to its capacity for human emotion. We may perhaps infer from this that Plath felt dehumanised by her surgeons when hospitalised. The enigmatic last line ‘It has shut its mouth on the stone pill of repose' refers perhaps to the body being in an anaesthetised state. The surgeon appears to find this more noble than the real unreposed people he might encounter outside of the theatre. This anaesthetised body, ‘statue'-like, is wheeled off in the fourth stanza, while the surgeon sits back and veritably rubs his hands together with glee. His operating leaves him with the trimmings of the body, perhaps unwanted cuttings and prunings of the aforementioned garden. After the high praise of the Roman body, the ‘set of teeth [†¦ to rattle in a bottle and take home' seem somewhat desacrelised, indicating that the surgeon considers his work to be in removing the bad to leave only the flawless, hence leaving him only with the unnecessary and crude. This furthers our understanding of the surgeon as a man of science who sees things in black and white terms; he deals merely with the necessary and unnecessa ry. Cannibalism is generally seen as high taboo in most societies, and the phrase ‘a pathological salami' seems intent on making the reader wince. This also shows the surgeon's disregard for everything not involved in his making of perfection. The phrase ‘they will swim in vinegar like saints' relics' seems also somewhat tongue in cheek, as the surgeon embraces science over religion. By comparing a salami to relics, he demonstrates the importance he considers them to have. By preferring a body to a person and condemning both religion and the soul, we are left with the impression that the surgeon is indeed a highly clinical and somewhat cold individual. The last line, ‘[†¦ ] clean, pink plastic limb' seems totally without feeling, as the surgeon's job is done and the ‘patient' is finished, as far as he is concerned. The last stanza of the poem reintroduces the underappreciated soul, as the surgeon walks alone through the wards in the middle of the night. By using the words ‘a new soul', we are given the idea that the surgeon has saved them and hence given them a fresh shot at life. Perhaps through the pain that induced surgery, they have undergone a sort of purgatory and hence their soul has been cleansed. Morphia makes reference both to morphine, as in the drug, and Morpheus, the Roman god of sleep and dreams, yet another reference to the Roman age. The surgeon seems puzzled by the after-effects of surgery; that under the ‘gauze sarcophagi' lie individuals, floating on a morphine high. The ‘dawn drafts' which Plath refers to further allow the reader to understand that the patients are, under the effect of morphine, floating inches from the ceiling. Making reference once again to an ancient society, the ‘gauze sarcophagi' give the impression that the patients are, in their present state, neither dead or alive, in this ward where even the ‘night lights' reminds the surgeon of human gore. The poem finishes much as it started, with the surgeon, having played the role of gardener, Historian and scientist, resuming his role of control as a higher being. ‘I am the sun' indicates that the surgeon is the life-giving force in the hospital, most important for the continuation of the patients' lives. This too may refer to deities in ancient societies such as the Aztecs. The last line further cements everything we believe about the surgeon: safe in his position of power and control, he is happy only when the people around him are being bodies, in a ‘shuttered' state, and acknowledging listlessly the power and magic of his work.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Advance Accounting 1

Joint Venture103 CHAPTER 6 SOLUTIONS TO MULTIPLE CHOICES 6-1: a Assets per Jessica Company- balance sheetP3,550,000 Jessica’s proportionate interest in assets of JV (50%) 1,000,000 Total assets of JessicaP4550,000 6-2: a Total liabilities only of Jenny Co. 6-3: b 6-4: b Investment of Heart P80,000 Profit share: Sales150,800 Cost of sales (150,800 ? 125%)120,640 Gross profit 30,160 Expenses 10,000 Net Profit 20,160 Profit/loss ratio x 40% 8,064 Balance of investment in JVP88,064 6-5: a CashP190,000 Merchandise inventory 29,360 Accounts receivable 150,800 Total assets 370,160Sweet Co’s, proportionate interest x 60% Sweet Company’s share in total assetP222,096 6-6: a Sales7,200 Cost of sales PurchasesP10,000 Merchandise inventory, end (50% of P10,000)__5,000_5,000 Gross profit2,200 Expenses___500 Net profitP  1,700 104Chapter 6 6-7: b Original investment (cash)P10,000 Profit share (P1,700 / 2)___850 Balance of Investment accountP10,850 6-8: a Joint venture account before profit distribution (credit balance)P  9,000 Unsold merchandise__2,500 Joint venture profit before fee to SalasP11,500 Joint venture profit after fee to Salas (P11,500 / 115%)P10,000 6-9: b Fee of Salas (P10,000 x 15%)P  1,500Profit share of Salas (P10,000 x 25%)_2,500 TotalP  4,000 6-10: b SalasSalve Balance before profit distributionP  Ã‚  500 (dr)P  2,000 (cr) Profit share:Sabas (P10,000 x 40%)4,000 Salve (P10,000 x 35%)_______3,500 BalanceP  3,500 (cr)P  5,500 (cr) 6-11: d Joint venture account balance before profit distribution (debit)P   6,000 Joint venture profit (P4,500 x 3)_13,500 Cost of unsold merchandise (inventory) taken by DanteP19,500 6-12: b Edwin Capital: Debits: Balance before profit distributionP14,000 Credits: Profit share__4,500 Due from Edwin (debit balance)P   9,500 Joint Venture105 Settlement to Ferdie (Balance of capital account)Debits:P  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ0– Credits:Balance before profit distributionP16,000 Profit share__4,500_2 0,500 Due to Ferdie (credit balance)P20,500 Settlement to Dante (balance of JV Cash account) Debits:Balance before cash settlementP30,000 Due from Edwin__9,500P39,500 Credits:Due to Ferdie_20,500 BalanceP19,000 6-13: a JV account balance before profit distribution (cr)P  4,600 Unsold merchandise (required dr balance after profit distribution)__2,000 Joint venture profit before fee to JerryP  6,600 Joint venture profit after fee (P6,600 / 110%)__6,000 Fee to JerryP     600 6-14: d Harry CapitalIsaac Capital Balances before profit distribution(P  Ã‚  200)P  1,800Profit distribution: Harry P6,000 x 50%)3,000 Isaac (P6,000 x 20%)1,200 Cash settlementsP  2,800P   3,000 6-15: b SalesP14,000 Cost of sales: Merchandise inventory, beg (contributions)P14,000 Freight300 Purchases__4,000 Goods available for saleP18,300 Merchandise inventory, end (P8,300/2)__4,15014,150 Gross profit (loss)(150) Expenses (P400 + P200)__600 Net profit (loss)P(  Ã‚  750) 6-16: c Contributions to t he Joint Venture (P5,000 + P8,000)P13,000 Loss share (P750 x 50%)(  Ã‚  Ã‚  375) Unsold merchandise taken (withdrawal)(  Ã‚  4,150) Final settlement to jackP   8,475 106Chapter 6 SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS Problem 6 – 1 Books of Blanco (Manager)Books of AblanJV Cash100,000Investment in JV90,000 Joint Venture90,000Merchandise inventory90,000 Cash100,000 Ablan Capital90,000 Joint Venture60,000 JV cash60,000 Joint Venture20,000 JV cash20,000 JV cash200,000 Joint Venture200,000 Computation of JV Profit Total debit to JVP170,000 Total credit to JVP200,000 Credit balance (Profit)P   30,000 Distribution Joint Venture30,000Investment in JV15,000 Profit from JV15,000Profit from JV15,000 Ablan capital15,000 Ablan capital105,000Cash105,000 JV cash105,000Investment in JV105,000 Cash155,000 JV cash155,000 Joint Venture107 Problem 6 – 2 Books of the Joint Venture 1. Computer equipment105,000Ella capital60,000 Fabia capital45,000 2. Purchases80,000 Supplies2,000 Diaz capital82,000 3. Expenses9,000 Diaz capital9,000 4. Cash150,000 Sales150,000 5. Expenses30,000 Cash30,000 6. Merchandise inventory20,000 Ella capital20,000 7. Fabia capital10,000 Cash10,000 8. Adjusting and closing entries: (a)Expenses500 Supplies500 (b)Sales150,000 Income summary150,000 Income summary77,500 Merchandise inventory2,500 Purchases80,000 Income summary39,500 Expenses39,500 Distribution of profit: Income summary33,000 Diaz capital11,000 Ella capital11,000 Fabia capital11,000 108Chapter 6 Books of Diaz (1)Investment in Joint Venture82,000Cash82,000 (2)Investment in Joint Venture9,000 Cash9,000 (3)To record profit share: Investment in Joint Venture11,000 Profit from Joint Venture11,000 Books of Ella: (1)Investment in Joint Venture60,000 Computer equipment60,000 (2)Investment in Joint Venture20,000 Merchandise inventory20,000 (3)To record profit share: Investment in Joint Venture11,000 Profit from Joint Venture11,000 Books of Fabia: (1)Investment in Joint Venture45,000 Computer equipmen t45,000 (2)Cash10,000 Investment in Joint Venture10,000 (3)To record profit share: Investment in Joint Venture11,000 Profit from Joint Venture11,000 Joint Venture109 Problem 6 – 3 1)No Separate Set of Joint Venture Books is Used Books of Duran (Manager) May1:Joint Venture12,500 Castro capital12,000 Cash500 7:JV cash10,000 Bueno capital10,000 26:Joint Venture9,500 JV cash9,500 30:JV accounts receivable16,000 Joint Venture16,000 June30:JV cash15,000 JV accounts receivable15,000 27:JV cash9,000 Joint Venture9,000 30:To record unsold merchandise taken by Duran: Merchandise inventory3,000 Joint Venture3,000 To record profit distribution: Joint Venture6,000 Profit from JV2,000 Bueno capital2,000 Castro capital2,000 To record settlements: Bueno capital12,000 Castro capital14,000 JV cash24,500 Cash1,500Accounts receivable1,000 JV accounts receivable1,000 110Chapter 6 Books of Bueno May7:Investment in Joint Venture10,000 Cash10,000 June30:Investment in Joint Venture2,000 Profit from J oint Venture2,000 Cash12,000 Investment in Joint Venture12,000 Books of Castro May1:Investment in Joint Venture12,000 Merchandise inventory12,000 June30:Investment in Joint Venture2,000 Profit from Joint Venture2,000 Cash14,000 Investment in Joint Venture14,000 (2)A Separate Set of Books is used: Books of the Joint Venture May1:Merchandise inventory12,500 Castro capital12,000 Duran capital500 7:Cash10,000 Bueno capital10,000 26:Purchases9,500 Cash9,500 0:Accounts receivable16,000 Sales16,000 June20:Cash15,000 Accounts receivable15,000 27:Cash9,000 Sales9,000 Joint Venture111 June 30:Closing entries: Sales25,000 Income summary25,000 Income summary19,000 Merchandise inventory, end3,000 Merchandise inventory12,500 Purchases9,500 Distribution of profit: Income summary6,000 Bueno capital2,000 Castro capital2,000 Duran capital2,000 Settlements to Venturers: Bueno capital12,000 Castro capital14,000 Duran capital2,500 Merchandise inventory3,000 Accounts receivable1,000 Cash24,500 Books of D uran (Manager/Operator) May1:Investment in Joint Venture500 Cash500 June30:Investment in Joint Venture2,000Profit from Joint Venture2,000 Cash2,500 Investment in Joint Venture2,500 Books of Bueno and Castro (Same as in No. 1 requirement) 112Chapter 6 Problem 6 – 4 (1)Books of Seiko (Manager/Operator) April1:JV Cash102,000 Notes payable – PNB34,000 Roles capital34,000 Timex capital34,000 May:Joint venture64,100 Cash16,300 Rolex capital7,800 June:Rolex capital30,000 JV cash30,000 Joint venture111,400 Cash37,400 Rolex capital64,700 Timex capital9,300 July:Cash40,000 Rolex capital15,000 Timex capital10,000 JV cash65,000 Joint venture55,770 Cash13,970 Rolex capital31,240 Timex capital10,560 August:Cash45,000 Rolex capital67,000Timex capital13,500 JV cash125,500 Joint venture30,600 Cash9,730 Rolex capital16,560 Timex capital4,310 To record sales: JV cash (P421,000 x 96%)404,160 Joint venture404,160 Joint Venture113 To record payment of loan to PNB: Notes payable – PNB 34,000 Rolex capital34,000 Timex capital34,000 Joint venture (Interest expense)8,000 JV cash110,000 To record distribution of profit: Joint venture134,290 Gain from JV (30%)40,287 Rolex capital (60%)80,574 Timex capital (10%)13,429 Computed as follows: Total debits tot he JV accountP269,870 Total credits to the JV account_404,160 Gain (credit balance)P134,290 To record settlement: Cash32,687Rolex capital128,874 Times capital14,099 JV cash175,660 Computations: Settlement to Rolex – Balance of capital account: Debits:JuneP30,000 July15,000 August67,000 Payment of note payable_34,000P146,000 Credits:April 1P34,000 May47,800 June64,700 July31,240 August16,560 Profit share_80,574__274,874 Credit balanceP 128,874 114Chapter 6 Settlement to timex – Balance of capital account Debits:JulyP  10,000 August13,500 Payment of loan__34,000P  57,500 Credits:April 1P  34,000 June9,300 July10,560 August4,310 Profit share__13,429_71,599 Credit balanceP  14,099 Settlement to Seiko – Balance of JV cash account Debits:April 1P102,000Loan proceeds_404,160P506,160 Credits:JuneP  30,000 July65,000 August125,500 Payment of loan_110,000_330,500 Balance of JV cash175,660 Less:Settlement to RolexP128,874 Settlement to Timex__14,099_142,973 Settlement to SeikoP   32,687 (2)Partial Balance Sheet June 30, 2008 Books of Seiko (Manager/operator) Current assets: Investment in joint Venture: Joint Venture assets: CashP  72,000 Joint Venture_175,500P247,500 Less:Equity of other venturers (P116,500 + P43,300)_159,80087,700 Current liabilities: Notes payable – PNB34,000 Joint Venture115 Computation of balances as of June 30, 2008: JV CashJoint Venture April 1P102,000P30,000JuneMayP   64,100BalanceP   72,000June_111,400 BalanceP175,500 Notes PayableRolex capital P34,000AprilJuneP  30,000P  34,000April 1 47,800May _________64,700June P  30,000P146,500 P116,500 Timex capital P34,000April __9,000June P43,300 Problem 6 – 5 Consolidated Balance S heet CashP  61,000 Receivables122,000 Inventory102,500 Other assets__40,500 Total assetsP326,000 Accounts payableP  61,000 Other liabilities96,500 Capital stock50,000 Retained earnings_118,500 Total liabilities and stockholders' equityP326,000 Consolidated Income Statement SalesP246,750 Cost of sales_124,750 Gross profit122,000 Operating expenses__58,250 Consolidated net incomeP   63,750 16Chapter 6 Problem 6 –6 (a)Journal entries on venture books June 15:Cash1,000,000 MacDo1,000,000 Initial contribution at 6% July 1:Land2,400,000 Mortgage payable1,650,000 Cash 750,000 Purchased land for cash and 6% mortgage. Aug 1:Cash1,100,000 MacDo1,100,000 Additional contribution at 6%. Land 950,000 Cash 950,000 Paid for improvements. Sept 30:Mortgage payable 250,000 Interest expense- Mortgage 3,750 Cash 253,750 Reduced mortgage and paid interest. Oct 31:Mortgage payable 400,000 Interest expense- Mortgage 8,000 Cash 408,000 Reduced mortgage and paid interest. Nov 30:Mortgage payable 300,000Interest expense- Mortgage 7,500 Cash 307,500 Reduced mortgage and paid interest. Dec 31:Mortgage payable 200,000 Interest expense- Mortgage 21,000 Cash 221,000 Reduced mortgage and make semi-annual interest payment. Joint Venture117 31:Cash2,600,000 Sales2,600,000 Sales to date. 31:Commissions 130,000 Cash 130,000 P2,600,000 x 5% 31:Expenses 628,100 Cash 628,100 Paid expenses 31:Interest expense- Venturer 60,000 MacDo 60,000 6% on P1,000,000 from June 15 to December 31, and on P1,100,000 from August 1 to December 31. 31:Sales2,600,000 Land (cost of land sold)1,145,000 Expenses 628,100 Commissions 130,000Interest expense- mortgage 40,250 Interest- venturer 60,000 Income summary 596,650 To close income and expense accounts. 31:Income summary 596,650 MacDo 596,650 MacEn 238,660 To divide gain, 60:40. 31:MacDo 801,650 Cash 801,650 Payment on account. (b)Journal entries on MacDo’s books: June 15:Investment in Joint Venture1,000,000 Cash1,000,000 Initial contribution. Aug 1:Investment in Joint Venture1,100,000 Cash1,100,000 Additional contribution. 118Chapter 6 Dec 31:Investment in Joint Venture 60,000 Interest income 60,000 Interest earned on cash advanced. 31:Investment in Joint Venture 357,990Gain on Joint Venture 357,990 60% of gain on venture. 31:Cash 801,650 Investment in Joint Venture 801,650 Repayment in part of advances. (c)MacDo and MacEn Joint Venture Income Statement For the period from June 15 to December 31, 2008 SalesP2,600,000 Cost of land sold: LandP2,400,000 Improvements 950,000 TotalP3,350,000 Unsold land 2,205,000 1,145,000 Gross profit 1,455,000 Expenses: Advertising and office expensesP 628,100 Interest on mortgage 40,250 Interest on advances 60,000 Commissions 130,000 858,350 Net gainP 596,650 Distributions: MacDo (P596,650 x 60%)P 357,990 MacEn (P596,650 x 40%) 238,660Mac Do and MacEn Joint Venture Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets CashP 250,000 Land 2,205,000 Total AssetsP2,455,000 Liabilities and equity: Mortgage payabl eP 500,000 MacDo 1,716,340 MacEn 238,660 Total liabilities and equityP2,455,000 Joint Venture119 Venturers equity (interest) MacDoMacEnTotal InvestedP2,100,000P2,100,000 Shares: GainP 357,990P238,660P 596,650 Interest on advances 60,000 60,000 Commissions 130,000 130,000 Total 417,990 368,660 786,650 Balances 2,517,990 368,660 2,886,650 Withdrawn (801,650) (130,000) (931,650) Equity (interests)P1,716,340P238,660P1,955,000

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Breast Cancer - Research Paper Example Locally advanced breast cancer is distinguished by the application of the TNM Staging Process and is considered to be stage III where the tumor has extended to the chest wall and or the axillary nodes but has not metastasize to far organs and body cavities. Last but not the least is metastatic breast cancer or advanced breast cancer, which is distinguished by the presence of malignant or cancerous cells in the various body parts like the bone; or distant organs like the lungs or the liver (Johnston et al, 2008). Signs and Symptoms Breast cancer symptoms are mostly composed of the changes in the physical outlook of the breast marked by lumps/growths, nipple retraction or dimpling, flaky skin on the nipple area, bloody discharges from the nipple and a change in the shape or alignment of the breast. The symptoms stated may be related to other forms of illness, hence undergoing mammogram screening is the best option if breast cancer is suspected because this will show malignant cells of tumors present within the breast especially if they are small and cannot be felt by the touch of the hand even while breast self examination is done (Johnston et al, 2008). Etiology/Pathogenesis The risk of breast cancer increases with age and becomes double every ten years until a woman reaches menopause. The root cause of breast cancer is still currently undetermined, but recent studies show that the development of the disease comes from various factors, and that women who are predispose to the following aspects are more susceptible to breast cancer: 1) had early menarche (menstruation) especially those who had their first menstrual period before age twelve; 2) had their menopause at a later age than the normal; 3) gave birth at an older age (30 years old and above); 4) has a family history of breast cancer; 5) excess alcohol consumption; 6) prolonged exposure of breast tissue to radiation; 7) recent utilization of oral contraceptives; 8) had postmenopausal hormone replacement the rapy; 9) obesity; and 10) mutation of the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (Johnston et al, 2008). Diagnostic Tests After being diagnosed of breast cancer and before surgery or any other treatment is considered for the patient, an assessment which includes medical history review, mammography and histology are done extensively. The patient assessment profile is followed by biopsy and the staging process, to determine the extent or magnitude of the cancer involved. Subsequent to the results of the tests that were done; the patients will now be informed of the different treatment alternatives, making them aware of the advantage and disadvantages of each treatment poses and the risks involved in all the procedures that will be undertaken (Chan et al, 2010). Treatments The recommended medical treatment for breast cancer involves the application and combination of: surgery (mastectomy), chemotherapy plus tamoxifen. radiotherapy plus tamoxifen, neo-adjuvant therapy and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Prior to any form of medical treatment, doctors normally provide their patients with options on how to cure the disease. This means giving the patient appropriate information on the actual procedures involved to remove the cancer cells from the breast and other parts of the body where it metastasized. This process permits the patient to choose for herself or himself about the kind of medical treatm

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

A Mental Health Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Mental Health Case Study - Essay Example The case study indicates that Carol had consumed a high range of alcohol (0.15 PCA) when she was breath tested by Police at the road side. Her roadside test result for cannabis use was also positive. It seems that Carol has been drinking daily (3-4 drinks) for the past 3 weeks and using cannabis since she was 18 years old. From the case study, it is clear that Carol had a broken family background which has an adverse impact on her present life. She lost her job due to her increased absence from work. In addition, she had recently broken up with her boyfriend and this event dreadfully impacted her mind. Carol admitted that smoke and drink assist her to forget all problems. From this scenario, it is obvious that she takes increased amounts of substance to achieve the desired effect (mental relaxation and elimination of sorrows). Carol also meets the 7th criterion that states, â€Å"the substance abuse is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psych ological problem that is likely to have caused or exacerbated by the substance†. 2. While analyzing the prevalence of cannabis in Australia, it is obvious that this drug is widely available in Australia. ... According to this bulletin, no person thinks that hydro cannabis is very difficult to find. Reports for Victoria, Tasmania, and Queensland also show almost similar outcomes. It has been identified that outdoor and hydroponic cannabis cultivation is very common in all states and territories and majority of this drug is domestically produced. As per the NDSHS 2007 data, 68.5% of cannabis users acquired this substance from a fried or acquaintance while 4.8% obtained it from a relative and another 19.5% users acquired it from a dealer. The increased prevalence of cannabis in Australia can be attributed to the country’s climate and amount of space available which are conducive to cultivation. The liberalized cannabis intake polices of the Australia also seem to be a potential cause for wider availability of this drug in the country. According to the Australian Crime Commission (ACC), one gram cannabis’ average price may be ranged from A$20 to A$35 which is comparatively smal ler. As per the reports of Sane Australia, cannabis reduces the chances of recovery from a psychotic episode and cannabis users have a higher rate of hospitalization for psychosis (Cannabis and psychotic illness, 2010). In case of cannabis addicted persons, treatment is less effective and therefore, recovery is more difficult. 3. The case scenario indicates that Carol has developed multiple mental health issues, specifically mental depression. The root causes of her current mental depression and related problems can be ascribed to her tragic family background. Carol remembers that her parents were â€Å"terrible† and that they were always yelling at her and fighting each other and they would often throw punches. As a result, Carole and her siblings had to pass through scared life

Monday, August 26, 2019

East Bengal War 1971 and Famine Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

East Bengal War 1971 and Famine Abroad - Essay Example This group named Amawi League won in the East Pakistan national election in 1970. The Western leader General Yahya Khan, in connection of the victory of Amawi League, ordered and said â€Å"Kill three million of them [East Pakistanis] and the rest will eat out of our hands,† as quoted by Ariana (2011) from Asia Times. West Pakistan ordered a genocide campaign on March 25, 1971 which included massive killing of East Bengal resistance group members and raping of Bengali women. Amawi League leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was also assassinated during the war. In was on December 16, 1971 when East Pakistan won the war and declared independence from West Pakistan. East Bengal earned a new name, â€Å"Bangladesh† meaning â€Å"Country of Bengal†, and its own national language â€Å"Bengali† (Ariana, 2011). Under the British colony in Bengal, the land had 30 to 40 famines and the last of the big famine happened between 1942 and 1945. In a span of three years, almost four million had died due to famine in Bengal. Bengal was once the most fertile land in Ganges delta and was the granary of India before Great Britain occupied the land. The British was prosecuted for the organized and intentional genocide (Chawla, 2005). According to Anil Chawla (2005), â€Å"The ghastly genocide, which used hunger and starvation as tools, lasted for about eighteen decades and was carried out in Bengal, India (at present Bengal is partly in India and partly in Bangladesh) by the British colonial masters claiming about thirty million victims.† Amartya Sen, a Nobel laureate, claimed that famine death of the people in Bengal was not caused by extreme fall of food production but because of the British policies (Chawla, 2005). Because of the drought that hit Somalia, millions of people are at risk of dying because of hunger. The drought struck in the summer of year 2011 causing thousands of Somalis dead because of malnutrition. The United Nations declared a famine and called for the international

Diversity training manual part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diversity training manual part 2 - Essay Example As such, HR managers should be ready to handle and manage a diverse workforce composed of persons from different cultural, as well as racial backgrounds. There is bound to be tensions and conflicts arising from their differences when people from different races and cultural backgrounds converge at one place for a common goal, such as at a workplace. For instance, the racial differences may lead to creation of classes and social status among the workers, even for those in the same level in the organizational structure. The whites tend to look down upon other races, especially the Africans, as inferior. As such, some of these whites will blatantly discriminate against the blacks, as well as those from different races unlike theirs, for feeling superior and more deserving of better job opportunities than the rest. Such cases are particularly rampant in companies incorporated and owned by the whites who are acute racists. These whites carry on modern day slavery by overworking the blacks, and workers from other races who are their juniors or of an inferior race (Jackson, 1992). Discrimination or victimization of any kind against racial, as well as cultural backgrounds is wrong. As such, this should not occur in any organization. This creates tensions and a poor working environment that hampers productivity and efficiency within the organization. Instead of the workers doing their work diligently, cooperating with one another, and coordinating organization activities in order to meet the specific objectives of the organization, they spent most of their time fighting amongst one another. This leads to a grave wastage of important person-hours for the company in which it would be undertaking production activities. Furthermore, if the management of the organization do not active measures to bring this situation under control, then the company risks falling into

Sunday, August 25, 2019

EC 202 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

EC 202 - Essay Example If there is a disparity between the level of APE, GDP and ADF, then an automatic macroeconomic coordination process gets under the way by bridging the gap between the levels of those variables. When ASF and ADF become unequal, macroeconomic stabilizers will maintain the equilibrium level through the process called funding adjustment. Similarly if there is an imbalance in GDP and APE, producers of goods and services will make output-price adjustment that closes the gap between GDP and APE. To understand the notion of funding adjustment, we first need to divide the domestic consumers into three groups. In the first group, we include individuals who have sufficient money balances to cover for their planned expenditures. The second group comprises of individuals who have insufficient balance to cover for their planned expenditures. The final group of individuals includes individuals who have more than sufficient balance to cover for their planned expenditures. The second group can finance their purchases through either borrowing or reducing their GDP purchases. The third group can utilize their excess funds by lending them and earning a profit or either increasing their planned expenditures. In an economic scenario where ASF equals ADF, the second and third group will not be cognizant of the economic imbalance; however, they will be aware of their individual funding situations. The amount that the second group is willing to borrow exactly equals the amount that the third group is willing to lend through their excess funds. Hence this process will not impact the level of interest rates in the economy. In the case if ADF exceeds ASF, the second group will fulfill their funds demand by borrowing and the third group will lend their excess funds. The financial intermediaries such as banks and financial institutions will play a central role by taking the funds from third group and lending them to the second group. Since the funds available in the hand of the third

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Space Age Furniture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Space Age Furniture - Term Paper Example 3079) which needs machining on a particular lathe equipment applied for the making of that special part only. Ed Szewczak, an able and experienced machinist is in charge of this special lathe machine. Once the lathe gets started it can run on its won without being attended by someone. However it is necessary for the machinist to be present during the operations of any machine, including the lathe. Recently it has become essential for Ed to opt for overtime in order to finish producing the part 3079 on time. Due to the increased overload, Ed has become unhappy and this news has been communicated to the operations manager, Coral Snodgrass. Coral has been finding solutions to solve the overtime issue. Recently the company started using an MRP system which has helped it in reducing the inventories and improving the timing of the deliveries. There are two different sub-assemblies where the part 3079 is used and the lathe machines are used for producing both the sub-assemblies of Saturn an d Gemini. Ed Szewczak is supposed to get a 50% additional payment for the overtime work. Thus the whole scenario has got certain advantages and certain disadvantages which when studied carefully provide a framework for the better functioning of the organization. Questions & Answers 1. ... Overtime is expensive and the variation between a profitable week and a losing week is represented by overtime. If the demand is constantly surpassing the facility, then Coral can consider either adding more employees or adding more facilities. While taking this step, he should attempt to improve the efficiency of the plant by eliminating waste and dropping bottlenecks. Whenever measures are taken to remove overtime, either by increasing capacity or improving efficiency, it is necessary to understand the consequence of such a step on the employees. As in this case the overtime is not consistent, therefore extreme measures are not required; however Coral should be conscious of when the overtime is taking place which will help him to recognize the grounds for overtime. There is an alternative way-out that can be applied instead of adding more people to the organization which is outsourcing the jobs and getting things done away from the workplace. This would of course incur more expense s but it would reduce the costs of material consumption, overhead costs, labor costs, electricity consumption and other related expenditures. Therefore in simple terms it can be concluded that Coral can either add more people to the company or add more machinery to the organization or a third option is there where he can include an additional shift between the regular shifts. These steps would be helpful in reducing the workload on Ed. 2. How would reducing the minimum quantity of subassemblies help? The Saturn and Gemini tables are made up of part 3079 which is exclusively manufactured by the lathe machine and the lathe machine is not used for any other purpose. Also the part

Friday, August 23, 2019

Westfield shopping centre London development project Essay

Westfield shopping centre London development project - Essay Example This paper is intended to identify and map out the key actors for each phase of Westfield Shopping Centre London Development Project, from its inception to the final use, as well as to describe and analyse the process of value generation and its distribution between the public and private sector. The paper also identifies the risks each of the main actors took within the project and the returns they get back for taking on those risks. Introduction Wilkinson and Reed (2008, p.) define the property development as â€Å"a process that involves changing or intensifying the use of land to produce buildings for occupation†. On the one hand the property development include not only the land/property itself, e.g. buying or selling it for a profit, but also the infrastructure, building materials, labour, finance, etc., which further determines the process as complex, lengthy and high-risk activity often involving large sums of money and providing a relatively illiquid product (Wilkinso n and Reed, 2008, p.2, 27). On the other hand, this activity does not exist apart from the wider economic and social contexts, whether at local or national levels; therefore, the market (in the case of market-driven economies) directly influences the process of property development. Like all market-driven activities, the property development appears an end product of the demand and supply imbalances generated in the user and investor’s sides of the market respectively; and is also subjected to different interests originating amongst various actors which are unequally represented in terms of whether financial, aesthetic, emotional, social, etc. profit or loss (D’Arcy and Keogh in Guy and Henneberry, eds., 2002, p.19). According to Wilkinson and Reed (2008, p.3) the development process could be divided into several not entirely sequential, often overlapping and repeating stages – initiation, evaluation, acquisition, design and costing, permissions, commitment, imp lementation, and final use – let/manage/dispose; and a variety of important actors appear either within each stage of the process or across some/all of them, as follows: public sector and government agencies, planners (planning authorities), financial institutions, building contractors, professional team, and objectors (Wilkinson and Reed, 2008, pp.13-27). Though these actors are likely to have different perspectives and expectations, they contribute to the outcome of the property development process. The property development process itself, despite its complexity, displays the general characteristics of any other industrial production process - a combination of various inputs in order to achieve an output or product; but there are two features that make it very different – the unique end product (either in terms of physical characteristics or location) and the constant public attention focused on it, from the first to the last stage (Wilkinson and Reed, 2008, p.2). Th e Brief Westfield London Shopping Centre is a mega mall situated in Shepherd’s Bush – London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, which provides 130  803 sq m (1  408  000 sq ft) of retail and leisure accommodation, being home to over 265 shops on five levels, 50 restaurants and cafes, as well as cinema, and car parks for 4  500 cars. The development project has involved regenerating over 44 acres of brownfield site, 9 separate rail projects including the rebuilding/relocation of an operational depot facility for London Underground’s Central Line, together with major road works and construction of three railway stations – two on London’s underground network and one on its over ground network. The project included redevelopment of two Dimco Buildings – Grade 2 listed structures built in 1898 and adjacent to the main construction site, a revamp of Shepherd’s Bush Green and new affordable housing schemes funded by Westfield Develop ment (BBC News, 2009; Savills UK, n.d.). Main phases and actors The development scheme was being

Thursday, August 22, 2019

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay Example for Free

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay The poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost strikes me as having a dual meaning.   One perspective of the poem seems to be a statement of advice for people to take the â€Å"one less traveled by†.   Another perspective is that the â€Å"Road Not Taken† may be the road that he took and he was sorry he has chosen that path for some reason or another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To start with the discussion, I will first discuss the first perspective that of the inference to â€Å"The Road Not Taken† as an advice for people to take.    The author took the first person stance using the words â€Å"I† throughout the poem.   This could be interpreted that he, himself has done what he is advising for others to do to take the â€Å"one less traveled by† (fourth line, fifth stanza). Usually this phrase is used for people who have taken the road that is righteous and the one that is harder to travel or go by but which is the right thing to do.   It is also thought of as the hard but nevertheless, the way to be successful in life.   The author made use of a lot of imagery and metaphors like â€Å"yellow wood† referring to the seemingly yellow path as affected by the daffodils that bloom at the pathways that he often takes with his friend in Massachusetts, at the time he wrote the poetry.   He also describes the road less traveled by as â€Å"grassy and wanted wear† perhaps this is so for lack of travelers trudging in its grass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, the other perspective or interpretation that could be entertained with regards to this poem is the author’s tone towards the end of the last stanza â€Å"I took the one less traveled by/ And that has made all the difference† seems to denote that he was sorry for the choice he made.   The tone is that of sadness and he uses the line â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh†. The next line also situates the point of reflection wherein the author says â€Å"Somewhere ages and ages hence; Two roads diverged in a wood, and I took the one less traveled by,†Ã‚     The metaphor of the words ages and ages hence places the time or hour of recollection at a much recent time after he made his choice, or since the time he made his choice, and decided his course of action.   It implies that this choice was made a long time ago and the last stanza gives a clue as to the outcome of that choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from the two possible scenarios that this poem can be interpreted into, there are also some conflicts of imagery.   These conflicts are stated in the use of the lines â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear;† indicates one path or road obviously still has a lot of grass untouched by trudging feet or passers by.   However, the last two lines goes, â€Å"Though as far that the passing there/ had worn them really about the same†, describing both paths and roads as equally traveled or trudged upon by travelers.   This seeming conflict in imagery, though I would interpret as the author’s state of mind, when he was presented with a dilemma or a proposition of which road to take. He seemed to be weighing his options and was in the process of balancing his final decision as to which road to take and sees that there is not much difference in the outward appearance of both paths. In conclusion, the poem in general takes a positive, albeit sad remembrance of the choices in life that the author has made.   But what he seems to be sad about is that he must have wanted to take as many paths as he could, but only he could not as the time of choice is well past already.   Still, the author encourages people and readers to take the road less traveled, for although it presents more challenge and probably even hardship, it is usually the right path to take.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Biome Essay Example for Free

Biome Essay The African Savanna biome is a tropical grassland in Africa between latitude 15Â ° North and 30 degrees S and longitude 15 degrees W and 40Â ° West. It covers Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote Divore, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, and South Africa. Around 2 million large plant-eating mammals live in the savanna. There are 45 species of mammals, almost 500 species of birds, and 55 species of acacia in the Serengeti Plains. There are animals such as lions, African wildcats, klipspringer, steenbok, Burchells zebra, African Savanna monitor, and puff adders. They have the largest diversity of hoofed animals in the world including antelopes, wildebeest, buffalos, zebras, and rhinoceros. Fire, ground water, water table, soils moisture retention, landforms (plateau, mountain, valley) and their slope ( 3% to 10%), soil temperate, days of cloud cover versus days of sun for amount of sunlight and it influence, first last frost dates for growing season. Focus on the limiting factors of the air supply, precipitation, soil types, light.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

The Structure of the Kidney: Causes of Kidney Disease

The Structure of the Kidney: Causes of Kidney Disease The structure of the kidney The kidney is surrounded by the renal capsule and split into 3 sections, the medulla, the cortex and then the renal pelvis. Each kidney is supplied with oxygenated blood, by the renal artery and removes deoxygenated blood via the renal vein. Once the kidneys carry out their filtration mechanism, they empty their waste product, down the ureter. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and over a million of these are found within each kidney allowing it to carry out its function. Notice how it spans across the different kidney sections. (i) The juxtaglomerular apparatus is the main filtration of blood occurs in nephrons and this is where the glomerulus and Bowmans capsule interact. (ii) The mesengial cells are found closely associated with the filtration part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and their position links with their role in causing inflammation in glomeruli. (iii) The Podocytes are also found near glomerular capillaries and these may fuse together and influence the filtration of the glomerulus, causing Hodgkins disease. This disease is a type of swelling due to the diversion of accumulating products, which are not filtered and so deposited to other parts of the body. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a type of kidney disease; where by filtration of the blood is disrupted. It is mainly associated with the glomeruli in the kidneys, becoming inflamed (NHS Choices 2009) and there can be different types of the disease which may be proliferative or non-proliferative. The main cause of the disease is not precisely known but, there are many possible explanations. The most common explanation for proliferative GN is due to an immune system response, where inflammatory cells like platelets or macrophages become trapped in the glomeruli (Couser 1999). Here they circulate and accumulate, initiating a mechanism that leads to inflammation of the glomeruli (Couser 1999). This is the mechanism for the most common form of proliferative GN, known as Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (DAmico 1987). This is when IgA proteins, which fight infections, build up within the glomeruli and therefore inflammation (Geeky Medics 2010). Another immune system response involves antibodies interacting with antigens, formed by the glomerular basement membrane, which can also trigger inflammation (Watson and Royle 1987). Another possible explanation for proliferative GN is infection-related, following invasion by bacteria of the Streptoccoci strain (Ryan and Ray 2004), which targets the skin or pharyngeal tissue (Watson and Royle 1987). This results in post-infectious GN which can also be associated with other infections like bacterial endocarditis or HIV (Mayo Clinic 2009). In addition, it is also suggested that vasculitic disorders, like Wegeners Granulomatosis can result in crescentic GN (Geeky Medics 2010) (Figure 4). Crescentic GM In Wegeners Granulomatosis, blood vessels become inflamed, having an effect on the filtration rate of the glomerulus and leads to the formation of crescent shaped scars. Non-proliferative GN can be idiopathic, such as membranous GN, or may just simply be genetically linked like focal segmental GN (Geeky Medics 2010). When looking at GN (mainly proliferative) we need to also consider the mesengial cells (Figure 3, ii). GN can be recognised by an increase in the number of mesengial cells and their intracellular contents (Churg 2006). They rapidly multiply, increasing the thickness of this layer and press against the glomerular capillaries (Churg 2006) (Figure 5). Histology of proliferative GN As the mesengial cells multiply, they increase in number and compress against the glomerular capillary and contribute towards the glomerulus increasing in circumference. Taken from (Churg 2006). In some cases, the mesengial cells may even invade the glomerular capillaries and sit in between the filtration part of the nephron, made up of endothelial cells and the basement membrane (Figure 6) (Churg 2006). Hence, the basement membrane appears split, disrupting renal filtration and therefore resulting in a certain type of GN, known as membranoproliferative GN (Hope et al. 1993). A Normal Glomerular Capillary Proliferation of the mesengial cells leads to invasion between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane, disrupting glomerular filtration and leading to GN. Taken from www.uncnephropathology.org/jennette/ch1.htm The glomerular capillaries are also where proteins from the immune system may be trapped between the basement membrane and the epithelial cells, which accumulate and form humps in the glomerular capillary walls (Churg 2006), resulting in membranous GN (Hope et al. 1993). Specifically in crescentic GN, which is infection related, there is an increase in epithelial cells which compress the glomerulus and causes scars, described as crescent shaped (Malvinder 2008) (Figure 4). However there can be milder forms of GN, with the most common being minimal change GN, caused by the fusion of podocytes (Hope et al. 1993) (Figure 3, iii). When looking at post-infectious GN, we find that it is normally the group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus bacteria which causes infection (Watson and Royle 1987) and brings about acute post-streptococcal GN (APSGN) (Duvuru 2010). The activity of this bacterium is thought to be associated with the accumulation of streptococcal antigens, binding to the immune antibodies, which are then deposited on the glomerulus basement membrane (Field et al. 2010) (Figure 7). APSGN (Arrows show where the antigen-antibody complexes have been deposited.) As the antigen is bound to the antibodies, it prevents the antibodies from inflicting a defence mechanism and leads to modification of the glomerular basement membrane (Field et al. 2010). There are many signs and symptoms associated with GN, which can vary between the different forms of GN, but there are common symptoms that are found in all types. As the glomeruli are obstructed, filtration is reduced and allows for blood to leak into the tubules and therefore this blood passes out into the urine (Watson and Royle 1987). The urine may also be described as cloudy and this is due to proteinuria. This is when excess serum proteins are passed out, in the urine (Nordqvist 2009) due to the impaired filtration mechanism (Field et al. 2010) . This excess serum may also be linked with symptoms of nausea and vomiting, which are also associated with GN (Unanue 2011). The urine may also be described as, haematuria, where red blood cells are lost, triggering anaemia in GN sufferers (Watson and Royle 1987). Another common symptom is swelling, as there is a diversion of accumulating products, which are not filter, to other parts of the body (Hicks 2009). Symptoms related to respira tory problems such, a sore throat or skin rash would be more significant in post-infectious GN due to streptococci bacteria infecting the pharyngeal tissue and the skin (Feldon et al. 2010). Another common symptom is hypertension, caused by salt and water preservation and therefore activation of the renin-angiotensin system (Field et al. 2010) (Figure 8). The Renin-angiotensin (aldosterone) system (RAS) As there is an accumulation of water and salt, the circulating volume also increases and activates RAS. RAS then vasoconstricts blood vessels, causing an increase in blood pressure, which is a symptom of GN. Diagnosis of GN, tends to be via Urinalysis, in order to find the presence of blood and proteins in the urine (Haggerty 2002). Also a blood test can be taken and if there is an accumulation of waste products, such as creatinine or urea-nitrogen then this can indicate GN (Haggerty 2002). The blood can also be checked for anti-streptolysin titre, due to reactions by streptococci bacteria and another indication of GN (Brunner and Suddarth 1990). Otherwise a much simpler swab of the throat could be used to detect the streptococcal infection, which is used widespread (Hicks 2009). A final diagnostic evaluation is by carrying out a renal biopsy in order to view the inflamed glomeruli and accumulation of cells surrounding the glomerular capillaries (Brunner and Suddarth 1990).These tend to be the most common diagnostic procedures but investigations can be made by means of other methods, like in radiology, where a renal ultrasound is used (Hope et al. 1993). Treatments on GN sufferers can range and depends on the type of GN that they suffer from, but the main aim of treatment is to promote kidney function and reduce symptoms of GN (Hicks 2009). By simply getting plenty of rest, until the urine becomes clear and levels of nitrogenous waste products regularize, can encourage the regain of renal function and a reduction of the other symptoms associated with GN (Hope et al. 1993). Another treatment used is by regulating the diet and fluids of the GN sufferer, for example, by placing restrictions on dietary proteins and compensating for fluid loses by drinking plenty of fluids (Hope et al. 1993). It has been predicted that drugs which block the Angiotensin II receptors or ACE inhibitors may be a form of treatment, for reducing the effects of GN, but this is still being investigated (McMillan 2010). As there are different forms of the disease, different drugs may be used to treat each form, for example in GN caused by immune response, corticos teroids or immunosuppressant may be used, but this is not a definite treatment for GN (McMillan 2010). Treatment of vasculitic disorders like Wegeners granulomatosis, can be a form of treatment, which found that plasma exchange can be used to minimise the effects of immune antibodies which lead to the development of GN (Casian 2011). Current novel methods being researched, investigate pathological mechanisms of GN, to possibly produce a drug to reverse this mechanism. One interesting study identified that the voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.3 was found in the glomeruli and tubules of rats, with GN (Hyodo et al. 2010).They suggest that Kv1.3 targets and restrain memory T cells, which act like an immune response by recognising foreign bodies (Hyodo et al. 2010). After using a Kv1.3 blocker drug, they found that the rats produced less proteinuria and their glomeruli had less scarring (Hyodo et al. 2010). The study concluded that this Kv1.3 could be the cause of GN and could be a useful finding to potentiate a cure for GN in humans, which is still being investigated (Hyodo et al. 2010). Another study suggested that kidney disease may be linked with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are growth factors that are important in the regulation on kidney function (Suh et al. 2011). As they interact with binding sites found in the epithelial cells, this study investigated whether polymorphism of the gene for BMP, may play a role in GN (Suh et al. 2011). The study concluded that mutations in this gene may cause children to become susceptible to IgA nephropathy, which is currently being investigated and could mean a possible treatment mechanism (Suh et al. 2011). One other study investigated the presence of myleoperoxidase-associated anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) and anti-glomerular basement antibodies (anti-GBM Ab) as a possible cause of the crescent shaped scars in rapid progressive GN (RPGM), but this is also still being investigated (Nakabayashi et al. 2011). To conclude GM, is a diverse renal disease, which can be acute or chronic in terms of its causes and consequences. The disease is still being thoroughly investigated today as no definite treatment has been found. Word count 1.498

Critical Thinking: The Ability to Think for Ones Self Essay examples --

Critical thinkers have the ability to think on a higher level. A process for thinking critically is required that will bring about decisions and ideas that will provide for a better life for ourselves and those around us. Most of us take thinking for granted. However, we develop as critical thinkers when we open ourselves to recognizing the strengths and weakness’ of our own thinking. Higher order thinking comes into play when choosing a presidential candidate, or sitting on a jury for a murder trial, or deciding if we need nuclear power plants, or when determining the effects of global warming. As a critical thinker, one becomes a more responsible, contributing member of society. (Schafersman, S.D., 1991). To put us on the road to being critical thinkers, we need to acquire the attributes of a critical thinker and to learn to be fair minded and recognize our own ignorance. Traits of a Critical Thinker In order to improve the thinking ability, one needs intellectual integrity, humility, sense of justice, perseverance, fair mindedness, a confidence in reason, intellectual courage, empathy, and autonomy. These traits allow one to use highly insightful thinking. Someone with a weak sense for critical thinking may become good at winning arguments but they do not develop a sense of fair mindedness. (Paul & Elder, 2006). Being a fair minded thinker can be hard. It requires one to consider views other than one’s own. A person cannot look for his or her own advantage or the advantage of friends. We cannot always be fair minded because our egos get in the way. However, striving to develop a brain that is fair minded will let us find the truth of a matter. All of the traits described above go into developing a fair minded thinking ... ... one to come to conclusions that are fair-minded. (Paul & Elder, 2006). Intellectual integrity, humility, a sense of justice, perseverance, fair mindedness, a confidence in reason, intellectual courage, empathy, and autonomy are all traits needed to create a critical thinker with a fair and disciplined mind. When one moves past their own egocentric thinking, one can become a nonconformist with the ability to think for ones self. This makes one a better thinker and decision maker and therefore, a better contributor to society. References Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life (2nd. ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall. Schafersman, S.D. (1991, January). An introduction to critical thinking. Retrieved August 1, 2008 from , Web site: http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.html

Monday, August 19, 2019

So Far From God Essays -- essays research papers

Eisenhower, John S. D. So Far From God: The U. S. War with Mexico 1846 – 1848. New York: Random House, 1989, xxvi, 436. Mr. John Eisenhower is a retired Army General from Westchester, Pennsylvania. He is also the son of retired General and later President, Dwight D. Eisehower. He is an author as well as a military historian. Mr. Eisenhower’s other works include, The Bitter Woods, published in 1987 and critically acclaimed by Life magazine author, S. L. A. Marshall as being â€Å"written with power by a true military historian.† Reviews of his work from The New Yorker and New York Times Book Review describe his accounts as â€Å"Exceptionally interesting† and â€Å"Written with enthusiasm that is hard to resist.† Using his military background, Mr. Eisenhower was able to bring an unbiased opinion to the U. S. war with Mexico by pointing out strengths and weaknesses on both sides of the conflict. The author’s purpose is to provide a more accurate account of the war with Mexico from 1846 – 1848. Mr. Eisenhower also attempts to give the reader a better understanding of the conflict between these two countries, which has been overshadowed by the Civil War, thirteen years later. John Eisenhower’s portrayal of the officers and politicians in this conflict is detailed and it highlights the early careers of many of our Civil War legends. The technology of warfare at this time is well depicted. The advances in American artillery such as the use of the grape shot over canister rounds, the superior d...

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Blood Brothers :: Drama

Blood Brothers 1. On stage left were the posh houses where Edward lived, on stage right were the council houses that Mickey and his family lived in. Upstage centre was a brick wall with a painted goalpost, lots of graffiti. The piece of graffiti that stood out the most was the word ‘Everton’. Upstage right was a large alleyway. On both stage left and stage right in between the houses were smaller alleyways. 2. Mickey- Young Linda-Teen  · Large sleeveless V-neck Pullover  · Short Black skirt  · Very dirty white plimsolls  · High heeled black stilettos  · Large dirty shorts- falling down.  · Blond hair- worn in a high ponytail.  · Black socks  · White shirt, couple of buttons undone revealing stomach and cleavage (just).  · Grubby white shirt (short sleeved under green pullover)  · Dirty knees, face, hands and arms.  · Shirt tied at bottom  · Dark, messy hair. 3. The childhood scenes were made realistic by the costumes the children wore. For example Linda wore a girly dress and wore her hair in pigtails. The voices also made these scenes realistic because the males made their voices higher. The scenes were made humorous by the games they played and how excitable they were. 4. One of the actor’s performances I enjoyed was that of Sammy because he was a troublemaker. His performance was made effective by the sneaky attitude he had and the tough loud voice he used, this created the impression he had a lot of power over people and was in charge, but was never going to be punished for his actions. He only looked out for himself and seemed not to care for anybody else even his brother. Another actor I enjoyed watching was Mickey because he started off being a strong, fun, helpful character and ended up being a vulnerable, self-hating character. This made me feel sorry for him. Mickey ended up getting his brother and himself killed. He gave the impression of needing stability in his life. 5. I think the narrator’s role was many different things. He was the storyteller; he was also the characters’ conscience for good and evil. He looked over the characters. The narrator was also a forewarning to us of what is to happen. 6. I think the playwright managed the pathos, through the action and final song ‘ Tell me its not true’ this causes the audience to feel

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Advancements in Medical Technology Essay

Introductions: Have you or have you had someone, that was near and dear to your family and hearts, pass away and think to yourself â€Å"If medical technology was just a little more advance, they might have been able to still be here with me today? † Or was their life, cut from your life to soon, because of the need for more advancements in the medical pharmaceutical side of things such as medications and treatments. Maybe, even be able to give them the therapeutic device that would have been able to give them a longer life expectancy? One thing to think about is that over the past thirty years advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology has greatly improved the life quality and expectancy of many human beings. (What kind of introduction did you write for your expository essay? Asked a question What other types of introductions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Providing a startling statistic. Include interesting facts about the subject. What makes your introduction type more effective than another introduction type for your particular essay? By asking a question to the reader, the way that I have asked a question makes it personal to the reader and makes them think and want to read more about what I have written. ) Conclusions: My husband and I believe that if Stem Cell research was around years ago when he was first diagnosed by Type I Diabetes, that he would not have to worry so much about his blood sugars going high or low all the time. Now with the advancements in therapeutic devices, we are able to go to a specialized diabetic doctor (known as a Endocrinologist) and be able to help him get on a Medtronic Insulin Pump, that will help him with getting his sugars stable and give him the right amount of insulin that his body needs to function properly like you and I do. On the bright side due to the fact that there are advancements in medical technology with the therapeutic side of things, there is a small variety of insulin pumps on the market today that he is able to choose from that will fit to his personal needs and wants. With medical personnel continuing to improve upon advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology, there will be more people out there, such as I that will not have to lose their loved ones before their time. (What kind of conclusion did you write for your expository essay? I think that by finishing up with another question it will hopefully convince the reader that everything I have provided will have them agreeing with my essay. Also something that would be more effective would be to provide an ironic twist, a surprising observation. What other types of conclusions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Restating the thesis or summarizing the main points of my essay What makes your conclusion type more effective than another conclusion type for your particular essay? By providing an ironic twist, with a surprising observation from my own personal life might help the reader understand more of why I was so passionate about writing about those things in my essay. ) Advancements in Medical Technology Essay Introductions and Conclusions Introductions: Have you or have you had someone, that was near and dear to your family and hearts, pass away and think to yourself â€Å"If medical technology was Just a little more advance, they might have been able to still be here with me today? † Or was their life, cut from your life to soon, because of the need for more advancements in the medical pharmaceutical side of things such as medications and treatments. Maybe, even be able to give them the therapeutic device that would have been able to give hem a longer life expectancy? One thing to think about is that over the past thirty years advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology has greatly improved the life quality and expectancy of many human beings. (What kind of introduction did you write for your expository essay? Asked a question What other types of introductions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Providing a startling statistic. Include interesting facts about the subject. What makes our introduction type more effective than another introduction type for your particular essay? By asking a question to the reader, the way that I have asked a question makes it personal to the reader and makes them think and want to read more about what I have written. ) Conclusions: My husband and I believe that if Stem Cell research was around years ago when he was first diagnosed by Type I Diabetes, that he would not have to worry so much about his blood sugars going high or low all the time. Now with the advancements in herapeutic devices, we are able to go to a specialized diabetic doctor (known as a Endocrinologist) and be able to help him get on a Medtronic Insulin Pump, that will help him with getting his sugars stable and give him the right amount of insulin that his body needs to function properly like you and I do. On the bright side due to the tact that there are advancements in medical technology witn the therapeutic side ot things, there is a small variety of insulin pumps on the market today that he is able to hoose from that will fit to his personal needs and wants. With medical personnel continuing to improve upon advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology, there will be more people out there, such as I that will not have to lose their loved ones before their time. (What kind of conclusion did you write for your expository essay? I think that by finishing up with another question it will hopefully convince the reader that everything I have provided will have them agreeing with my essay. Also something that would be more effective would be to provide an ironic twist, a surprising observation. What other types of conclusions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Restating the thesis or summarizing the main points of my essay What makes your conclusion type more effective than another conclusion type for your particular essay? By providing an ironic twist, with a surprising observation from my own personal life might help the reader understand more of why I was so passionate about writing about those things in my essay. )

Friday, August 16, 2019

Concerning Globalisation Essay

In arguments concerning globalisation, controversy is quite evident. Discuss the positive and negative outcomes connected with this issue. In today’s life we often encounter terms such as â€Å"living in a global village† and â€Å"we all live in the same world†. Even simply switching on the television brings us face to face with events occurring on the other side of the globe. News broadcasts transmit not only the local news or the latest political propaganda being fed to the people, but also incidents taking place all over Europe, Asia, the Americas and even Africa. We all witness this everyday, yet we rarely stop to truly think of the implications. What is the significance of virtually being a spectator in events across the world? What difference does this make to an individual? More importantly, what changes does this bring upon a society? Many people consider globalisation a recent, modern phenomenon and associate it with today’s highly technological age. After all, the world must be globalized if humanity is capable of breaching the frontier and sending man into space. However, the truth is that globalisation had much more humble beginnings. Ever since Christopher Columbus set foot in what is now America, and ever since the Roman Empire began conquering land to incorporate into its glorious empire, globalisation has been a vital social process. The fact that this has been taking place for so long has ensured that no country is capable of surviving on its own because nobody is self-sufficient. People today are becoming more interdependent because a global mentality is being encouraged and taught. However, true globalisation was slowed until 1990, the end of the Cold War, because until then the world was divided in two. Nonetheless, many colonised countries (including Malta) still display strong influences, especially in language and culture, adopted from their colonisers. Therefore, globalisation inflicts social change upon a country or area. People are being socialised into other cultures. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that a country is losing its own culture – it is simply updating it. Technology and communications have had a strong impact on speeding up globalisation. What were first considered luxuries, such as television and Internet, soon became important factors leading to social change. This is because they led to an increase in information accessibility, product accessibility and education. Another aspect of globalisation is the fact that regionalism is decreasing. For example, organisations such as NAFTA started out as regional organisations but have expanded their horizon. The EU has agreements with over 100 countries outside Europe. Transnational corporations also open the doors to globalisation since they have many branches all over the world and have no borders. There are 3 main outlooks on globalisation, which vary drastically from each other. Some argue in favour of this phenomenon whilst others try to prevent it from occurring. The Sceptics believe that the whole argument regarding globalisation is being exaggerated. They say that this sudden debate about this topic is simply over-hyped. Globalisation has not emerged recently – it has just intensified in its interactions and scale. By stating this, the sceptics admit that nowadays there is more interaction and communication between countries than ever before. Sceptics also criticize economy because they believe that it is not truly globalise. They try to prove this by arguing that certain countries are much more developed than others, and if the world were truly globalise countries would be equal. Sceptics are criticized fiercely for what seems to be an old-fashioned and ethnocentric approach. An argument placed against them says that simply because some countries are not yet part of it, it doesn’t mean that globalisation doesn’t exist. They are also accused of discouraging globalisation because they fear that it will make people more interactive and interdependent, thus forcing their governments to share their power and money with others. On the flip side of the coin, one can find the Hyperglobalizers. These believe that the world is one and globalisation covers the whole world and is a very real phenomenon that is felt almost everywhere. This process does not respect national borders or ideas of sovereignty. Hyperglobalizers base their arguments on aspects of commerce, trade and production. Kenichi Ohmae, a Japanese hyperglobalizer, stated that globalisation leads to a â€Å"borderless world†. His argument presents an interesting association with the Marxist ideology, but from an opposite point of view. In fact, Ohmae says that money makes the world go round since it is invested all around the world, under on name. Therefore (like in Marxism) everyone works towards a single goal – the same world. Hyperglobalizers base their arguments on the changing role of each nation within the whole world, not simply within a region. Like the Sceptics, Hyperglobalizers have been criticized for being overly biased towards a particular viewpoint. In fact, they consider globalisation to be indispensable and flawless and reject any negative influences it may bring about. Transformationalists provide an alternative view on the subject. They believe globalisation is the central force in a broad spectrum of changes taking place throughout the world, which is not yet hyper-globalized. In fact, some countries are highly globalized (for example U.S.A., Japan and Europe) whilst others (such as African nations) are still very far behind in this process. Many of these countries are still uncertain on the benefits of globalisation and of what they want. However, countries that are globalised do not lose their independence or sovereignty. For example, although England are a member of the EU, they do not use the Euro as their currency, but the English Sterling (although some say that they may soon succumb to pressure and introduce the Euro). This transformation brought about by globalisation requires people to adjust to the new situation and learn to live with each other and with people from other cultures and backgrounds. Transformationalists also say that globalisation is a two-way flow of images, not simply a one-way process. The No Global movement is another notorious organization fighting against the occurrence of globalisation. They argue that it causes inequality between first and third world countries. They criticize rich countries for not helping poor countries and for not trying to bridge the financial and social gaps between them. However, help must not simply be acts of charity, where money is given to their governments, but more practical help at the root of the problem. There are other NGO’s discouraging globalisation, such as the Campaign for Global Justice, who see it as a completely negative process. These try to inform people that it must be slowed and, if possible, stopped. An argument brought up concerns the aspect of free trade. Whilst some people say that it solves problems of poverty and inequality, they state that this only flows in one direction – the rich produce and the poor consume, thus forcing them to depend on rich countries. If it were truly free trade both would produce and consume, thus creating an equal situation. Globalisation involves certain risks, such as environmental degradation due to development, shifting employment patterns leading to stress and anxiety, heightened job insecurity and de-skilling (such as the infamous 7-Up case in Malta last year), decline in traditional influences and loss of self-identity, erosion of family patterns, and democratization of personal relationships. These are all problems one must consider when trying to evaluate the impact of globalisation, especially in light of the forthcoming referendum on whether Malta is to enter the EU or not. This is a subjective argument, however one cannot deny that without globalisation, the world would not be the same.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Katherine Mansfield A Cup of Tea Essay

I really like â€Å"A Cup of Tea† a lot. It, among other things, does a brilliant job of depicting matrimonial jealousy and insecurity. Our lead character is a very wealthy young woman, Rosemary, seemingly recently married. Her time is largely taken up with looking for ways to spend money. As the story opens she has just bought a small box in an exquisite shop, the cost is about six months pay for an ordinary working man of the time Rosemary has been reading Dostoevsky lately and when she is approached by a very bedraggled looking young woman asking for the price of a cup of tea she is at first put off but then she decides to have a bit of an adventure. She invites the girl to come home with her. The girl is so hungry she overcomes her fear at talking with someone so far above her station in life and agrees to go with Rosemary. So Rosemary takes her home feeling a triumph as she nets a little captive. It’s evident that Rosemary is just playing with a prey like a cat does.”†Now, I got you†. Rosemary is longing to be generous and is going to prove that as Mansfield writes ‘wonderful things do happen in life, in the life of the upper class, to which Rosemary is a fine example, and it seems that the only things she cares about are her feelings and amusement. After they arrive at the house the action starts in Rosemary’s bedroom. Mansfield is trying to underline Rosemary’s status â€Å"the fire leaping on her wonderful lacquer furnitureÂ’, ‘gold cushionsÂ’ all these things dazed the poor girl†. Rosemary on her part was very relaxed and pleased; she lit a cigarette instead of taking proper care of Miss Smith. By the way her name is not even mentioned yet, like it’s of no importance at all. We can find the girl on the brink of the psychological despair. Rosemary can’t face the reality the poor as it is; Rosemary Fell sees everything in rose-coloured spectacles, through the filter of the upper class society. And it looks if not pathetic then quite sad. But after the marvelous meal our creature transforms into something undeniably attractive Ââ€" “frail creature, a kind of sweet languor. And for Rosemary it’s high time to begin. Instead of asking her name or other decent question Rosemary’s firstly was interested in her meal, it is quite impolite. The Philip enters, smiling his charming smile and asks his wife to come in to the library. He requires explanations from his wife, learning that the girl is as Rosemary says ‘a real pick upÂ’ that Rosemary wanted “to be nice to her. Philip guesses what is all about shows his remonstrance against the idea ‘it simply can’t be done. And then he uses his heavy artillery Ââ€" calls miss Smith ‘†so astonishingly pretty†. He knows it will do some harm to his wife. These words immediately heat jealousy in Rosemary’s veins up. “†Pretty? Do you think that?†Ã‚” and she could help blushing. â€Å"She’s absolutely lovely!†Ã‚” Rosemary looses her temper. She recollects his words over and over. And all leads to the phrase â€Å"Miss Smith won’t dine with us tonight†. Rosemary is eager to retain her husband’s attention. Rosemary seems to be so distant from poverty but on the other hand she doesn’t have anything really valuable, like a basement to lead such glorious life in this world : no taste, no wish to see the world in the raw, sometimes no manners, and perhaps even no prettiness. That’s why she is trying to have things and do things which would help to retain the status like knowing more about the poor and having beautiful things to be associated with. To put in a nutshell the story is reach in different stylistic devices and I think conveys a distinct and valuable message. The story, â€Å"A Cup of Tea† tells us how people show generosity to people whom they consider their inferior. People do so partly to show off their superiority to the poorer beings. Generosity in most cases is only to satisfy one’s ego. The story shows how generosity and benevolence evaporates when the object of pity goes against one’s self interest, ego and vanity.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Conformity and Obedience Essay

Compliance means doing what other people in our social standing do in our daily lives. Most people, in most social groups, conform in everyday things like speech, dress codes, eating habits etc. This kind of conformity is known as ‘’Social control’’- the numerous pressure as individuals grow turns them from babies into members of our society. The main agencies of social control are the family, the peer group, the media, religion, employment and the law. All of these encourage conformity of one kind or another. The conformity types of behaviour are called ‘’social norms’’ Social norms; these are the normal types of behaviour in normal social groups * Age groups * Colleges and classes in college * People of same social economic background * Women/Men * Ethnic groups The role of self-esteem in Conformity; Low self-esteem is linked to feelings of insecurity. Research has tended to show that people with low self-esteem, or low feelings of security, are most likely to be the people that would conform. It is believed that those with low self-esteem can increase their sense of personal security if they belong to a group and adopting its norms because there is ‘’safety in numbers’’ Self-esteem is related to how a person has been brought up, academical performance and to economic and family background. The relevance of conformity in the uniformed public services: The uniformed public services encourage conformity among their members in various ways: Uniform and rank structures, working in teams, espirit de corps, and by having social clubs, sports clubs, and other activities which encourage individuals to mix and socialise outside working hours. The message from the uniformed public services is that conformity is a good thing for their image and for the work of each service. Conformity can be used to be a strong bonding force in the uniformed public services, but if it becomes to strong then this can sometimes lead to problems. In a diverse csociety people are different, and they are usuall quite proud of their differeences, it is what makes them unique. People criticse the public services because they feel that to many of the services have too many white males. In general they are good at their jobs, but they tend to be full of themselves and have that â€Å"bullish† attitude. This means that they have become less welcoming to the female or ethnic minority recruits, aswell as gays and lesbians. The feeling is that these men have been conforming one another so that they exclude everbody else and this they hope will put off new recruits. Obedience basically means the act of carrying out an order As a practice, it means that orders are carried out regularly and that these orders are carried out with dependence. As a quality, it is a habit that people develop that allows them to follow orders without delay and without complaint. Obedience differs from conformity. When someone conforms, they do something without being asked to do it. E. g. An officer who would wear their uniform on duty. Where as, when someone obeys, they do what they are told to. E. g. A soldier following an order to shoot somebody. Following orders; In thte uniformed public services being able to follow orders quickly and promptly is an absolute must. This does not mean that employees are robots and do exactly what they are told all the time, but the short of it is whenever an order has to be obeyed then it has to be obeyed. Due to this reason, people who are not able or prepared to follow an order, are not likely to be employed in the uniformed public services. Even though employees in the uniformed public services have an obligation to follow orders, the people giving the orders have an obligation to give orders that are reasonable and are justified. Orders are part of the general drive towards discipline orders help to give the uniform services structure and keep everything intact. Conscious and unconscious obedience; Those who have very little experience in following orders join a uniformed public service may have problems following orders and may have to make themselves do so. Though after a while it may become very natural to them and they just get used to obeying to orders. The move from having conscious to unconscious obedience. In order to be a public servant the uniformed public services stress that a servant has both conscious and unconscious bedience. the first so work id done in a discipline and organized manner. The second in emergencies were instinct and instant response is needed. Unconscious obedience is not the same as blind obedience. Compliance; Compliance is doing something that other people want you to do. Though sometimes like â€Å"compliance with common practices† this is seen as conformity. In other contexts such as â€Å"compliance with an order† this will mean obedience. Depending on the context, compliance can have different meanings, compliance could be willing or it could obedience in which the person is happy to follow orders. Some feel that compliance is forced upon people. Compliance also means to obedient to rules, regulations and laws. Within the uniform services willing, cheerful obedience is good because it suggests that the team is happy and working well. Status as a factor in obedience The same is in the uniformed public services as in life, if an order is giving it is more likely to be obeyed by someone if the person giving the order is of a higher status. In the uniformed services status usually will mean rank, and orders will most of the time come from the higher ranks to the lower ranks. Those at lower ranks only really get to suggest ideas. Though someone times exceptions will occur to the norm of higher telling lower what to do. For example if someone is an expert in an area they will be given temporary authority. Therefore for that short period the expert is the boss. This might be seen in a road traffic accident where the police would be the one with the higher status until the vehicles become on fire then the Fire service become the bosses because they are the experts. Influences These factors can change the nature of the orders or how they are received by individuals. Fear – This is fear of punishment, of loss of rank, physical beating or of peer-group ridicule. All of these may contribute to people obeying orders that they would not normally obey. Fear of a person (e. g. a commanding officer) should not be the motivating factor for obeying orders. If an individual is following orders due to fear this would suggest that there is some form of harrasment, poor team relationships or levels of understanding are bad. These are potential serious problems iin the Uniformed Public services. The likes of bullying can be a serious problem and can face people with leaving, driven to depression or even taking their own lives. Reward- Rewards are used as an incentive to follow orders, but should only take the form of appraisal, and not gifts. Giving rewards that would be considered obvious lays those handing them out to be seen as having favourites or corrupted. As everyone is to be considered equals favouritism in the Uniformed Public Service is not something that is illegal. Love- Love can sometimes mean intense admiration for some. For e. g. Soldiers may get very close to each during hard times and begin to consider people like a family member. This may also love their country. This type of love can make people be highly obedient and can sometimes lead to self-sacrifice. Sexual love or falling in love can happen in the uniformed public services, and can be seen as bad for obedience as love can blind people. This is why women were not allowed in the armed forces and so were homosexuals until 2000. It was felt that love undermined service discipline. Respect- Within the uniformed public services there are two types of respect: * Respect due to rank- e. g. saluting a senior officer * Personal respect for individuals. Both act as a stimulus for obedience and conformity and do so without undermining authority.

How power and politics are related to organization, how does it work Essay

How power and politics are related to organization, how does it work in organization and how it effects organizations - Essay Example People who are holding high positions in organisations always tried to induce power play in company decisions. If they fail to utilise their positional power they try to amend things with industrial politics. Power play and politics in industrial organisations has resulted in gaining profits and in some cases losses. WorldCom and Enron are the cases where power and politics were misused and both companies had to face the consequences. When Enron, which was one of the top Fortune 500 companies, filed for bankruptcy in December 2nd 2001, the news came as a jolt to many of the investors. When the dubious account activities and scandal in Enron were revealed it came as a shock to the investors. US president George W. Bush had assured them by terming Enron's case as a rotten apple in the healthy corporate system. Despite of president's assurances many high profiled companies collapsed. Enron Corp. was the result of merger between Houston Natural Gas and Internorth. There was a shift to unregulated energy trading markets from regulated transportation of natural gas. Enron was a Fortune 500 company and was in #7 in 2001 was deleted from New York Stock Exchange. According to the mangers of Enron who reviewed the accounts of the company, during California energy crisis Enron has kept undisclosed reserves of up to $1.5 billion in trading profits. Enron came under fire from politicians of price gouging. The hidden reserves would have doubled the Enron's reported profits. It is also reported that Enron manipulated reports on reserves to have steady profit growth to Wall Street and credit rating agencies. The executives also claimed that the reserves were held back and used to fulfil the political and financial ends. In 1990 Enron reported its total revenue as $10 billion and in the next subsequent ten years it grew by $101 billion. It emerged as one of the fast growing companies in the United States. The main reasons for its collapse is not due to the core energy operations but the company's new ventures in dot com sector and investments Internet and communication business. According to investigators of the security of exchange commission gone into investigate the case, have interviewed witnesses to come to a conclusion that the methods or practices violated the laws for doctoring quarterly earning refers to start cookie jar reserves. The existence of Enron reserves puts strange twist to it. The executives of Enron inflated profits and concealed losses with official balance sheet. Partnership in this scenario of reports that Enron has shown wrong accounts in December 2000, the company filed for bankruptcy protection but interviews with more than a dozen ex-Managers and Executives revealed that the Enron many a time paid the profits on trading to meet the needs of politicians and financiers. The major portion of the gains were Shown on paper only on long term contracts only had it been the cash that could have put off liquidity crisis that led to its collapse. As per one of the former Executives, before a few months of Enron bankruptcy, the reserves were depleted. It is common to use reserves to manage profits through it is unlawful. The former long time chairman and company's president chief executive were aware of the reserves and felt them proper. Judy Leon, Skilling's spokes

Tuesday, August 13, 2019

The Exploration on Intelligence Operations Essay

The Exploration on Intelligence Operations - Essay Example Ideally, ILP addresses security threats and establish mechanisms within a community that help in identifying the initiation and growth of crime. The inclusion of improved intelligence operations, community policing and problem-solving in ILP derives fundamental benefits in defining federal security (Bureau of Justice Assistance 2). In a world where criminal tactics are evolving (Boba-Santos 52-57), the American intelligence community had to develop and adopt improved intelligence operations and effective mechanisms of managing intelligence analysis (Clark 8-11). Clearly, Clark demonstrates that the concept of intelligence led policing defines a finer and more effective intelligence intelligence-led guarantees increased security and reduced crime (102-105). With ILP, law enforcement officers have gained the capacity to make effective and timely security decisions that help in curbing national and global crime (Bureau of Justice Assistance 4). Indeed, ILP reduces crime rate since the i mproved intelligence operations help in identifying crime and criminals (Bureau of Justice Assistance 9). This emanates from the fact that ILP concentrates on key criminal activities where is enhances the investigation, apprehension, and prosecution of criminals. ILP supports community policing that helps in targeting criminals, managing crime, investigating crime, and preventing crime in the community (Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services 2). Moreover, the combination of community policing and ILP develops new ideas and changes that foster crime reduction in the long term.Â