Is the concept of anomie relevant to contemporary society Essay Example

Is the concept of anomie relevant to contemporary society? Essay Is the construct of anomy relevant to modern-day society? The term anomy is a construct developed by Emile Durkheim ( 1858-1917 ) who was born into a Judaic Rabbinical household in the eastern Gallic state of Lorraine. He was a instructor of doctrine and exhausted clip in Germany where he was introduced to new progresss in psychological science and societal scientific discipline. He had a major influence and made a large impact to the survey of society, self-destruction, the division of labor, solidarity and faith and has frequently been considered and regarded as the laminitis of professional sociology. Durkheim foremost published his construct of anomy in his book â€Å"The Division of Labour in Society† ( 1893 ) . In his book he indicated regulations of how interaction between people was disintegrating and how they were unable to specify how to associate and interact with each other. Therefore he believed that anomy was a province where the outlooks of behaviors are non clearly defined and there is a break down in the system which is known as normlessness. Durkheim preferred to utilize the word mental unsoundness in topographic point of normlessness nevertheless he claimed that this normalness caused aberrant behaviors and subsequently could even ensue in depression and self-destruction as claimed in his book â€Å"Suicide† ( 1897 ) . The deficiency of these norms and values in society creates a province of deregulating and normlessness which is anomie. Peoples feel they have no counsel and miss the ability to make their single and corporate ends or aims. The rubric of this essay is a inquiry to reply â€Å"Is the construct of anomy relevant to modern-day society? † The following paragraphs will supply illustrations of replies to this inquiry and will demo that the construct of anomy is relevant to society today where the norms and values regulating societal interaction interrupt down and human behavior lacks ordinance. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the concept of anomie relevant to contemporary society? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is the concept of anomie relevant to contemporary society? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is the concept of anomie relevant to contemporary society? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first illustration which shows that anomy is relevant to modern twenty-four hours society will concentrate on criminology and anomy. In criminology the construct of anomy is that the single chooses to perpetrate condemnable actions because this individual believes there is no ground non to make so. The person is normally alienated and isolated, feels worthless or insignificant and thinks it is unpointed and futile to seek and accomplish anything else as it is a waste of clip and attempt. Therefore normally this individual goes against the norm and values of society and sees there is no other alternate than to go involved in condemnable and noncompliant activities. Take a state of affairs which is classed as the norm in a functionalist society: the province provides instruction for kids, revenue enhancements are paid by the parents/families of these kids which are in bend used to fund their instruction and development. Normally these kids grow up good educated and able to obtain e mployment and accomplish their ends career wise. They become jurisprudence staying citizens, have a occupation, pay their revenue enhancements, settle down have their ain kids and so the rhythm continues. In the United Kingdom this is the norm for the bulk of the population and society in general presents. However take the state of affairs where anomy is involved in other words the fortunes the kid is being reared and populating in is non the norm in this scenario: The kid attends an under-performing school in a hapless country where the bulk of people are populating on province benefits. The kid does non see the point in traveling to school and merely attends the bare minimal sum of clip. The kid leaves school at the earliest chance and is non encouraged by household and friends to go on in instruction. The country the kid lives in has high offense rates and a gang civilization. This kid becomes a adolescent who sees their lone chance to acquire on in life is to fall in the local p ack and go involved with them and partakes in misdemeanor. The parents are unemployed, uninvolved and have condemnable histories so the adolescent sees the pack as their household. The adolescent becomes an grownup, has already spent clip in a immature offender’s establishment and has no opportunity of acquiring a occupation. This grownup is now unemployable and feels worthless, insignificant and has no sense of way and hence falls into a life of offense. In this instance the adolescent became involved in offense because they felt there was no other option or chance available to them. This first illustration shows how the construct of anomy is relevant in society today. In the United Kingdom reasonably late there have been two cases which show the construct of anomy is relevant in modern twenty-four hours society. The anomies being referred to is public violences and protests where rioting is a consequence of anomy and a signifier of anomy. Rioting by English and Welsh citizens is a statutory offense in England and Wales and is documented in Sections 1 to 5 of the â€Å"Public Order Act 1986† . A public violence as defined by the â€Å"Oxford English Dictionary† is ‘A wild or disruptive perturbation created by a big figure of people. In this illustration the accelerator for the public violences in Tottenham was non the shot of Mark Duggan on the 4ThursdayAugust 2011 as was presented by the imperativeness. The existent cause of the public violences was the confrontation between a demonstrator and a police officer outside the constabulary station in Tottenham at 7.20pm on Saturday 6th of August. These actions caused a province of anomy that allowed the demonstrators the ability to take out their defeats in a manner that does non match to societal norms and this was the start of the Tottenham public violences in North London. When society becomes more organic and complex like modern twenty-four hours society is people are no longer reliant on one another and hence societal bonds become impersonal. In this illustration there was a dislocation of societal norms where norms were no longer able to command the actions of members in society. Durkheim himself observed that societal periods of break for illustration economic depression as was the instance in 2011 was frequently responsible for greater anomy with higher degrees of offense, self-destruction and aberrance. With mention to the Tottenham public violences in North London there is a clear association with Durkheim’s construct of anomy. The confrontation between demonstrators and the constabulary was the accelerator to get down the public violences bu t it was non the cause which was a corporate build-up of grounds and issues. With the state in an economic crises and high grades of agitation in the community due to the shot of this guiltless immature adult male the degrees of alienated behavior were greatly increased. It could be argued that the norms of the state of affairs had broken down, as there was confusion over whether or non Mark Duggan had even shot at the constabulary. As the public violences escalated, we can besides associate to the fact that there was a deficiency of regulations to steer people, and hence, normlessness broke out, which as Durkheim stated led to deviant behavior. This gave rise to self-interest and tempted persons to fall in in the public violences on the footing that it is hard to catch an person in a big rabble. Deviant behavior such as robbery and â€Å"copycat† rioting in other metropoliss in the state besides occurred increasing the degrees of alienated behavior. The terrorizing velocity with which the force spread from London to other large metropoliss this clip was implicative of a far more complex and profound sense of societal disaffection and isolation. Britain’s disturbed and deeply unequal society is one in which many people feel they have no interest or hereafter, this feeling of helplessness fuels anomie. The other recent illustration of alienated behavior relevant to modern-day society was a series of student protests in 2010 in the United Kingdom with the chief protests in London. The aims of these protests were to oppose planned disbursement cuts in farther instruction and the additions in pupil tuition fees. The accelerator in this case was the consequences of the authorities reappraisal of support for higher instruction in England. Harmonizing to pupil groups promises made by politicians during election runs had been broken. Higher instruction would go less come-at-able for immature people. Future pupils would stop up with high debts holding to pay off these debts over longer periods in clip go forthing them in debt for longer during their big life. The perceptual experience was that intended cuts to education were inordinate and would damage the quality of higher instruction. It would give pupils higher debts, and run promises made by politicians were perceived as broken promise s. The first major protest organized by the National Union of Students ( NUS ) and the University and College Union ( UCU ) involved up to fifty 1000 demonstrators who marched through cardinal London nevertheless several hundred left the March to assail and busy the Conservative Party central office. The breaking away group caused a divide within the pupil motion for utilizing such tactics every bit good as animadversion and unfavorable judgment from the authorities and constitution. On the twenty-fourth November the National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts ( NCAFC ) requested a mass walk-out and presentations to be held, with businesss taking topographic point at campuses throughout the UK. Over a four hebdomad period there were a figure of Marches in cardinal London where constabularies used kettling as a manner to incorporate the protestors, this resulted in violent confrontation with dissenters and constabularies. Kettling is a tactic used by constabulary to incorporate and cordo n off an country whereby the protestors are merely allowed to go out by the constabulary which means the protestors are held in a individual country without being able to hold entree to nutrient drink or lavatory installations, the continuance of which is decided by the constabulary force involved.The pupil protests did non run into their aims and the authorities reforms went in front. Protests ended in pandemonium, with violent clangs between constabulary officers and trouble makers who hijacked the Marches, taking to 100s of arrests.There was a batch of unfavorable judgment of both sides due to these incidents of hooliganism and force every bit good as the behaviour of the constabulary in utilizing inordinate force. On both sides in this scenario the behaviour seen and reported could be classed as another illustration of alienated behaviour in modern twenty-four hours society. In decision is anomie a driver in respects to offense and violent public violences such as portrayed in these illustrations? Anomie is linked to conditions of impotence and disaffection, it feeds from but goes beyond anarchy. Many boisterous members of society are besides to the full embedded in comfy societal places, or fighting to fall in, to be portion of their society. Their interrupting the jurisprudence doesn’t needfully intend they are alienated, which is, detached from mainstream values, nevertheless this issue is problematic. In the first illustration with respect to the kid being born into a life of offense and aberrance this goes against the norm and shows the construct of anomy is relevant in modern society. With the public violences there are two decisions which can be considered. The city manager of London Boris Johnson dismissal of the public violences holding ‘sociological explanations’ is problematic. While some people think the rioting was caused by the eroding of morality, weak or non-existent parenting and non adequate constabulary is besides possibly problematic. However for others the 2011 public violences in Tottenham were a effect of economic instability that created a sense of anomy and weakness and were a corporate With the pupil protests it’s possible that pupils did nt experience that they had anybody to turn to their choler to with respect to higher instruction cuts and additions in costs This is a map of the dislocation in trust in authorities, a map of anomy and defeat. This can be summed up in the statement by the NUS leader Education should open doors, but the authorities is banging them shut ( Liam Burns ) . In decision these three illustrations portray different types of people in society – the kid, the grownup rioter, the pupil dissenter and all of them show the construct of anomy is relevant to modern-day society. Word Count = 1817 Bibliography Durkheim, E. ( 1893/1984 )The Division of Labour in Society.New York: Free Imperativeness Durkheim, E. ( 1897/1951 )Suicide. New York: Free Imperativeness â€Å"Public Order Act 1986† Sections 1 to 5 ( Online ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legislation.gov.uk [ Accessed 9 January 2015 ] National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts ( NCAFC ) ( Online ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eusa.ed.ac.uk/eusapolicy/internal/ncafc/ [ Accessed 10 January 2015 ] National Union of Students ( Online ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nus.org.uk/ [ Accessed 10 January 2015 ] University and College Union ( Online ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ucu.org.uk/ www.ucu.org.uk [ Accessed 10 January 2015 ]

Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research

Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research Stem cell research is no ordinary scientific experiment such as the Wright Brothers attempting to invent the first airplane or Jonas Salk attempting to develop the first polio vaccine. Stem cell research is a controversial topic because it promises so much but at the same time requires a steep price to pay for something that has yet to prove it is worth the trouble.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because stem cell research promises to cure degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and scoliosis but the same time the cure requires the destruction of human embryonic stem cells that can only be had after a sperm fertilizes the egg and turn into an ovum, the first step in the development of a human baby. This is why this nation is divided regarding the proposal that the Federal Government should expand federal fund ing on stem cell research. There is a reason why the Bush administration decided to limit funding for this particular endeavor. First of all, stem cell research is an experiment that does not sit well with many people. On the other hand many find it difficult to understand why a potential solution to debilitating diseases should not be pursued. The line has been drawn in the sand and each side of the debate must present their case clearly so that the Federal Government must reconsider their stance of limiting funding and banning the harvesting more stem cells from human embryos. In Support of Expanding Federal Funding In the latter part of the 20th century scientists discovered a way to isolate and then cultivate stem cells that taken from human embryos. These were called totipotent cells and this means that these are undifferentiated cells and can be developed further to any type of cell needed by the body. As a result scientists believed that stem cells can be used as a way to rep lace cells lost by the body because of degenerative diseases. But more data was needed and therefore funding from the government. Due to the moral and ethical problem surrounding such types of research the Bush Administration created a compromise. Limited federal funding was authorized but with limitations – the funds that will be released by the Federal Government must only be applied to existing stem cells lines that were already under the authority of the government. Limited funds appropriated to stem cell research is not the only problem why there are those asking the lifting of the ban on stem cell research and increase funding for the same. They argue that in 2005 it was discovered that the few remaining lines of stem cells available and eligible in for research in accordance to government guidelines were contaminated with a molecule that came from mice.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was also pointed out that without the active support of government stem cell research will not succeed. There was the assertion that private funding follows the lead of the federal government. On the other hand it was also made clear that there are private institutions and other states that would continue with their pursuit. States like California took the initiative in raising funds to enhance stem cell research that was already started in their respective state regardless of federal funding. Supporters added that this is not the best way to go forward because without a central authority it is possible that results will be less efficient and non-standard; in other words research will be mediocre. In Opposition to Expanding Federal Funding On the opposite side of the fence the argument was much simpler. They only gave two: 1) stem cell research is tantamount to killing humans because the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell will result not only in a basic building block of life but considered to be a human being no matter how simple and how small it may seem; and 2) there is no hard evidence that can truly demonstrate that stem cell research can produce significant results such as cure someone with Alzheimer’s (Dahnke Dreher, 2006). This means that federal funds will be thrown into a blackhole that continues to absorb billions of dollars without results (McCartney, 2004). It is also difficult to assuage the fear of the public when it comes to potential abuses that will stem from these experiments. Analysis Those in opposition to lifting the ban and increase funding has nothing much to say because they have created an impossible scenario. Their major argument is that proponents of stem cell research has never produced a single result that would validate their claim that stem cells can be used as a form of therapy or medical solution to degenerative diseases. However, this cannot be proved or disproved without federal fun ding. Thus, there is a need to level the playing field; they must allow funding to determine the truth of the matter. On the other hand, the opposition should not be brushed off just that easily. They have a valid argument. If indeed the embryos are considered human then there must be something that has to be done to put limits on what scientists can and not do when it comes to experimenting with human beings. One way to resolve this problem is to lift the ban but give a strict deadline for stem cell research to produce results. After the deadline all funding will be cut-off. This will give supporters the chance to prove that they indeed have something that can prolong life and help millions of people suffering from debilitating sicknesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Expanding Federal Government Funding of Stem Cell Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Those who are in opposition to lifting the ban must not create an impossible scenario wherein they prevent the other side from proving that what they have is a viable solution to a very difficult problem and that is the development of a cure for such heartbreaking and debilitating disease such as Alzheimer’s and scoliosis. But they must not be allowed to spend federal funds without accountability. They must follow strict protocols and they must have a deadline to produce results or else their funding will be cut-off forever. References Dahnke, M. Dreher, M. Defining Ethics and Applying the Theories. In Applied Ethics in Nursing. V.D. Lachman (Ed.). New York: Springer, 2006. McCartney, J. Recent Ethical Controversies About Stem Cell Research. In Stem Cell Research. James Humber (Ed.). New Jersey: Humana Press, Inc., 2004. Stojkovic, M. (2010). â€Å"Stem Cells: The International Journal of Cell Differentiation and Proliferation.† Retrieved from web

How to Conjugate Utiliser (to Use) in French

How to Conjugate Utiliser (to Use) in French In French, the verb  utiliser  means to use. This is pretty easy to remember because it looks and sounds like the English word utilize. French students will be happy to know that the conjugations are almost as easy. Thats because its a regular verb, so transforming  utiliser  into the French for using or used follows a very common rule. This lesson will explain everything you need to know. The Basic Conjugations of  Utiliser French verb conjugations are a bit of a challenge because you have to memorize a new verb for every tense as well as every subject pronoun within that tense. This gives you five extra words to study, but  utiliser  is a  regular -er verb. It uses the same infinitive endings as the majority of French verbs, making each new one easier to memorize. The indicative mood is where we find the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. These should be your top priority when studying  utiliser. Using the stem (or radical)  utilis-  and the chart, match the subject pronoun to the appropriate tense to find the proper ending. For instance, I am using is  jutilise  and we will use is  nous utiliserons. If you practice these in context using short sentences it will help you learn them faster. Luckily,  utiliser  is such a useful word that youll have endless opportunities to use it. Present Future Imperfect j utilise utiliserai utilisais tu utilises utiliseras utilisais il utilise utilisera utilisait nous utilisons utiliserons utilisions vous utilisez utiliserez utilisiez ils utilisent utiliseront utilisaient The Present Participle of Utiliser The  present participle  of  utiliser  is  utilisant. This was created by simply adding -ant  to the verb stem. Thats another rule you can keep in mind that works for almost every verb ending in -er. Utiliser  in the Compound Past Tense When it comes to the past tense, you have the choice between the imperfect or a compound known as the passà © composà ©. This one requires a quick construction using the auxiliary verb avoir and the past participle utilisà ©. When forming the passà © composà ©, conjugate  avoir  into the present tense appropriate to the subject. Then, attach the past participle, which indicates the act of using already happened. For example, I used is  jai utilisà ©Ã‚  and we used is  nous avons utilisà ©. More Simple Conjugations of Utiliser Among the other useful and equally simple conjugations of  utiliser  that you may need are  the subjunctive  and  the conditional. Where the subjunctive questions that the action will take place, the conditional says that its dependent on something else. While its not a bad idea to add the  the passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive  to your vocabulary, its often not a necessity. These are used only on occasion, but you should be able to at least recognize each as a form of  utiliser. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j utilise utiliserais utilisai utilisasse tu utilises utiliserais utilisas utilisasses il utilise utiliserait utilisa utilist nous utilisions utiliserions utilismes utilisassions vous utilisiez utiliseriez utilistes utilisassiez ils utilisent utiliseraient utilisrent utilisassent The one conjugation that does not require the subject pronoun is the imperative. For this, you can simplify your sentence from tu utilise to utilise. Imperative (tu) utilise (nous) utilisons (vous) utilisez

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example It saves on pencil and paper, agrees Shane. The author makes a credible case because she does not just use facts, but the actual words of students interviewed. â€Å"With Smartphones, learning is a whole new experience,† she quotes a student. Smartphones are significant in the daily education of the American child. Author Sonia delves deep into the importance of Smartphones in health care. She observes that consumers are now increasingly using Smartphones to â€Å"collect vital information regarding health and storing it electronically†. They can use the gathered information to treat chronic diseases and prevent acute ones, without necessarily involving physicians. Jessop talks about the benefits of Smartphones in health, pointing out the fact that it provides them with tips on what to eat, monitor hypertension and diabetes and how they can work with some 90-health devices in the market. The Smartphone has all the health information pertaining to a patient stored in their personal health records (P.H.R). Although the project is growing slowly, observes the author, there will be positive developments in the future. The source is helpful because it shows that the American people can rely on Smartphones to know about diseases and their treatment; they can socialize and take control of

Role of the Early Years Worker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of the Early Years Worker - Essay Example   In recent years there has been an increase in the reporting of child abuse. (Susan Creighton, â€Å"Understanding Child Abuse†, page 7) If a child, is abused in any way, whether physically, emotionally or sexually, then it has a very great impact on the rest of the child’s life, as he moves into adolescence, and then later into adulthood. According to Helga Hanks and Peter Stratton, â€Å"they consider children as active and self conscious actors rather than passive recipients of abuse†¦.† (Hanks, Stratton, Chap. 5, page 8) Those children who have become victims of it are affected not only physically but also mentally and psychologically.Neglect of Child Abuse is one of the main causes of death in young children in the UK, â€Å"with parents and relatives being responsible for three quarters of the deaths†. (Central Statistical Office, 1994) This results in these children being mentally scarred for life.The Government Role in â€Å"Child Abuseâ⠂¬ :The Government plays a major role in dealing with Child Abuse by brining out new policies safe guarding both children and adolescents and making out new strategies helping them to cope with the problems facing them. The Government is determined to make the world a better and a safer place for children, especially those children who are vulnerable. The cabinet has come out with what is called â€Å"Green Paper† for the â€Å"Children at Risk†. (The Children Act Report, 2002) This Report is based on the latest research and findings, with information from statistical returns.

Perils of Texting Essay Example for Free

Perils of Texting Essay Cell phones have become a staple of modern society. Nearly everyone has them, and people carry and use them at all hours of the day. For the most part, this is a good thing: the benefits of staying connected at any time and at any location are considerable. But if you’re like most Americans, you may regularly talk on the phone or even text while at the wheel of a car. This dangerous behavior has resulted in increasing numbers of accidents and fatalities caused by cell phone usage. The trend shows no sign of slowing down. In 2003, a federal study of 10,000 drivers by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) set out to determine the effects of using cell phones behind the wheel. The results were conclusive: talking on the phone is equivalent to a 10- point reduction in IQ and a .08 blood alcohol level, which law enforcement considers intoxicated. Handsfree sets were ineffective in eliminating risk, the study found, because the conversation itself is what distracts drivers, not holding the phone. Cell phone use caused 955 fatalities and 240,000 accidents in 2002. Related studies indicated that drivers that talked on the phone while driving increased their crash risk fourfold, and drivers that texted while driving increased their crash risk by a whopping 23 times. Since that study, mobile device usage has grown by an order of magnitude, worsening this already dangerous situation. The number of wireless subscribers in America has increased by around 1,000 percent since 1995 to nearly 300 million overall in 2010, and Americans’ usage of wireless minutes increased by approximately 6,000 percent. This increase in cell phone usage has been accompanied by an upsurge in phone-related fatalities and accidents: In 2010, it’s estimated that texting caused 5,870 fatalities and 515,000 accidents, up considerably from prior years. These figures are roughly half of equivalent statistics for drunk driving. Studies show that drivers know that using the phone while driving is one of the most dangerous things you can do on the road, but refuse to admit that it’s dangerous when they themselves do it. Of users that text while driving, the more youthful demographic groups, such as the 18–29 age group, are by far the most frequent texters. About three quarters of Americans in this age group regularly text, compared to just 22 percent of the 35–44 age group. Correspondingly, the majority of accidents involving mobile device use behind the wheel involve young adults. Among this age group, texting behind  the wheel is just one of a litany of problems raised by frequent texting: anxiety, distraction, failing grades, repetitive stress injuries, and sleep deprivation are just some of the other problems brought about by excessive use of mobile devices. Teenagers are particularly prone to using cell phones to text because they want to know what’s happening to their friends and are anxious about being socially isolated. Analysts predict that over 800 billion text messages will be sent in 2010. Texting is clearly here to stay, and in fact has supplanted phone calls as the most commonly used method of mobile communication. People are unwilling to give up their mobile devices because of the pressures of staying con nected. Neurologists have found that the neural response to multitasking by texting while driving suggests that people develop addictions to the digital devices they use most, getting quick bursts of adrenaline, without which driving becomes boring. There are interests opposed to legislation prohibiting cell phone use in cars. A number of legislators believe that it’s not state or federal government’s role to prohibit poor decision making. Auto makers, and some safety researchers, are arguing that with the proper technology and under appropriate conditions, communicating from a moving vehicle is a manageable risk. Louis Tijerina, a veteran of the NHTSA and Ford Motor Co. researcher, notes that even as mobile phone subscriptions have surged to over 250 million during the past decade, the death rate from accidents on the highways has fallen. Nevertheless, lawmakers are increasingly recognizing the need for more powerful legislation barring drivers from texting behind the wheel. Many states have made inroads with laws prohibiting texting while operating vehicles. In Utah, drivers crashing while texting can receive 15 years in prison, by far the toughest sentence for texting while driving in the nation when the legislation was enacted. Utah’s law assumes that drivers understand the risks of texting while driving, whereas in other states, prosecutors must prove that the driver knew about the risks of texting while driving before doing so. Utah’s tough law was the result of a horrifying accident in which a speeding college student, texting at the wheel, rear-ended a car in front. The c ar lost control, entered the opposite side of the road, and was hit head-on by a pickup truck hauling a trailer, killing the driver instantly. In September 2008, a train engineer in California was texting within a minute prior to the most fatal train  accident in almost two decades. Californian authorities responded by banning the use of cell phones by train workers while on duty. In total, 31 states have banned texting while driving in some form, and most of those states have a full ban for phone users of all ages. The remaining states are likely to follow suit in coming years as well. President Obama also banned texting while driving for all federal government employees in October 2009. Still, there’s more work to be done to combat this dangerous and life-threatening practice. Sources: Paulo Salazar, â€Å"Banning Texting While Driving,† WCBI.com, August 7, 2010; Jerry Hirsch, â€Å"Teen Drivers Dangerously Divide Their Attention,† Los Angeles Times, August 3, 2010; www.drivinglaws. org, accessed July 2010; www.drivinglaws.org, accessed July 7, 2010; Matt Richtel, â€Å"Driver Texting Now an Issue in the Back Seat,† The New York Times, September 9, 2009; Matt Richtel, â€Å"Utah Gets Tough With Texting Drivers,† The New York Times, August 29, 2009; Matt Richtel, â€Å"In Study, Texting Lifts Crash Risk by Large Margin,† The New York Times, July 28, 2009; Matt Richtel, â€Å"D rivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks,† The New York Times, July 19, 2009; Tom Regan, â€Å"Some Sobering Stats on Texting While Driving,† The Christian Science Monitor, May 28, 2009; Katie Hafner, â€Å"Texting May be Taking a Toll on Teenagers,† The New York Times, May 26, 2009; and Tara Parker-Pope, â€Å"Texting Until Their Thumbs Hurt,† The New York Times, May 26, 2009. Questions to be answered: 1. Which of the five moral dimensions of information systems identified is involved in this case? 2. What are the ethical, social, and political issues raised by this case? 3. Which of the ethical principles described are useful for decision making about texting while driving?

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Life, it is often said, is the greatest mystery. How many times throughout our lives do we pause and ask ourselves: Why are we here? What is our purpose? Or some other infinitely ponderous question. Here and now, as we stand teetering upon a great threshold welcoming us into a whole new realm of independence, is no exception. Tonight the many mysteries of life hang over us, but instead of casting a shadow, they are illuminating our world and setting a glow in our eyes and in our hearts. If you think there is no mystery around you now, I invite you to ask yourself: How did we get here? Can you recall the specifics? When we were full of hope, who shared in our elation? What will we do now? For some, the answer to that last question is simple. Some of us are looking ahead to work or furthering our education and others are looking no farther than this summer or even later tonight. But what about ten years from now? Twenty? All that we do now directly affects every coming second, just as all that we have done in the past has brought us to this point. Along the way there has been roc...

Difference between public limited company and private limited company Essay

Executive Summary Ted’s Corporate Services is the business run by Ted. He is a sole trader. He wants to convert his business from sole trader to company to take the benefit of limited liability and other benefits as well. He wants advice for forming a company which is the most appropriate for him. Proprietary company unlimited by shares capital, public company unlimited by shares capital, public company limited by guarantee and public company with no liability are the companies which are not appropriate for Ted. As, the companies have unlimited liabilities which Ted do not want to establish and also no liability company is done for mining purpose only. Whereby, proprietary company limited by shares and public company limited by shares are the companies which can be set up by Ted. If company can easily get large capital, have good ability to borrow money from public, possibly list on stock exchange then Ted can form the public company limited by shares. Whereas, small business like Ted are unlik ely to meet these abilities and want to convert to company. So, the most appropriate type of company Ted could form is proprietary company limited by shares. This can also be converted to public company limited by shares in the future if Ted wants to expand his company. 1. Introduction Company is defined as a legal entity which is allowed by legislation and permits a group of people to apply to the government for an independent organization as shareholders who can then target on pursuing objectives, and empowered with legal rights (Modern Company Law 1997). Advantages of company are it is a separate legal entity; it can sue and can be sued by others, protection of assets and so on whereas complex legal formalities, more paperwork, costly to run and establish are some of the disadvantages of company (The Advice Spot 2010). The purpose of writing this report is to advice Ted about forming the company. Also, advising him about the most appropriate type of company which he can form. 2. Process of registering a company Certain requirements should be followed to register a company. First of all, a person must lodge an application with Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) using the prescribed form: s117 Corporation Act (CA) 2001. Section 117(2) (CA) states that the application must state specified information such as the type of company, the company’s name, names and addresses of persons consenting to be members, the address of the company and so on. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) If the company wants to follow its own time table then it should also be mentioned by the public company in the application. The number of shares, class of shares, amount the member is ready to pay, and amount paid fully or partly should all be mentioned by the company limited by shares or unlimited company on the application. Also, if the public company wants to have a constitution on the registration, then a copy of the constitution must be lodged but it’s compulsory for the public company with no liability. The application must be in the advised form. Also, the company must have the consents and agreements. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) After, the requirements are done successfully, ASIC will issue a certificate of registration and an Australian company number and it also will have the power according to S124 (1) (CA). S119 (CA) states that company comes into existence on the day it is registered with the specific name in its certificate of registration (Lipton, Herzberg 2001). This means that the company is a separate legal entity now. It is separate from people who run and manage the company. 3. Could Ted perform the process of registering the company? Anyone who is above 18 years old can form the company. Additionally, the person should not have any cases of bankrupts and also any offences related to misconduct or fraudulent activities relating to company. (Finance 2007) This shows that Ted can perform the process of registering the company. Also, it’s better for Ted to consult a lawyer if he has committed a breach of corporate law before setting up the company, for instance, as a director. 4. Advantages and Disadvantages of each type of company. The company is divided into two parts, i.e. Proprietary company and Public company which is discussed below. 4.1 Proprietary Company Proprietary company is a company where the fund is raised by issuing shares to known people such as friends, employees and relatives. In this type of company, there should be at least one director who is resident of Australia, not more than 50 non-employees shareholders and minimum 1 member: s114 (CA). Also, S148 (CA) states that company should have the abbreviation of either â€Å"Proprietary â€Å"or â€Å"Pty† to be recognized as proprietary company. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) Proprietary company is divided into two parts which have been discussed below with its advantages and disadvantages. 4.1.1 Company limited by shares A company limited by shares is a type of proprietary company where shareholder only pays amount unpaid on shares when company makes a call, i.e. they have fully and partly paid shareholders. Advantage of this company is that the shareholders are provided more protection when the case of liability rises. Whereas, more paper work, complex legal formalities, high cost to establish are some of its disadvantages. (Finance 2007) 4.1.2 Company unlimited by shares capital A company unlimited by share capital is the company where the shareholders are fully responsible for all the debts of the company. Advantage of this company is that it has separate legal entity, can sue and be sued and so on whereas unlimited liability is the major disadvantage. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 4.2 Public Company Public company is the company where the fund is raised by issuing shares to general public by using disclosure document prospectus. In this type of company, there should be at least 3 directors where minimum 2 should be the resident of Australia and also can have infinite number of shareholders and members. Also, S148 (5) (CA) states that public company has no distinguishing name. (Lipton, Herzberg 2000) Public company is divided into four parts which have been discussed below with its advantages and disadvantages. 4.2.1 Company limited by shares Section 9 (CA) states that a company limited by shares is the company where shareholder only pays the amount unpaid on shares when company makes a call. There are two types of members who have paid the amount of shares either partly or fully. Under s515 (CA) a member is liable to contribute to the company’s debts and liabilities and the costs, charges and expenses of the winding up. Advantage of company limited by shares is that the creditor does not need to sell the personal property to pay the debt of the company. Whereas, the disadvantage is that it has more legal formalities, more paper work and so on similar to other companies. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) 4.2.2 Company unlimited by shares capital Company unlimited by shares capital is the type of the company where the shareholders are fully responsible to pay for all debts of company. Recognition as a separate legal entity, large capital, highly professional persons engaged in the company is some of the benefits of company unlimited by shares capital whereas unlimited liability is one of the major disadvantages. (Redmond 2000) 4.2.3 Company limited by guarantee A company limited by guarantee is a company whose members have their liability limited to the amounts that they have undertaken to contribute to the property of the company in the event of it being wound up. Guarantee companies retain the advantages of being legal entities with the liability of the members limited to the amount of guarantee. Also under section 115 (CA), only a company limited by guarantee may obtain a licence to dispense with the word â€Å"Limited† at the end of its name. Whereas, the drawback of this type of companies is that it does not raise initial or working capital from its members. (Redmond 2000) 4.2.4 No liability Company A no liability company is a company where shareholders are not bound to pay the amount owed to company when company makes a call. Advantage of being this company is that there will be no liability for the shareholders, whereas the drawback of this company is that only mining can be done if no liability company is formed. (Redmond 2000) 5. What might be the most appropriate company to form, and can this be changed at a later point of time? 5.1 Most appropriate type of company. 5.1.1 Proprietary Company limited by shares This company is one of the appropriate companies for Ted. The shareholders are only liable to pay the debt of the company when company makes a call and also shareholders are more protected. Also, proprietary company limited by shares is good for the small family business (Finance 2007). 5.1.2 Proprietary Company unlimited with share capital Proprietary company unlimited with share capital is not appropriate company for Ted. As, in this company shareholders are fully responsible to pay the debt. Whereby, Ted wanted to convert to company because of limited liability. 5.1.3 Public Company limited by shares It is one of the companies which attract more number of shareholders. For Ted’s business activity, company limited by shares is also one of the appropriate companies as the shareholders will only be liable to pay for the amount unpaid on shares when the company makes a call. 5.1.4 Public Company unlimited by shares capital Ted wants to convert his sole trader business to company because of the limited liability. But company unlimited by shares capital has unlimited liabilities. Also, these sorts of company are established by professionals. So, it does not suit for the Ted’s business. 5.1.5 Public Company limited by guarantee A company limited by guarantee is convenient for clubs, charities and other non-trading companies whose capital is raised by members’ fees, donations, subscriptions and social activities (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010). Whereas, Ted Company is a trading companies and profit oriented, which means choosing company limited by guarantee is the wrong decision to be taken. 5.1.6 Public Company with no liability Section112 (3) (CA) states that a no liability company is prohibited from  engaging in activities that are outside its mining purposes objectives (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010). This reflects that no liability company is not appropriate type of company to be formed by Ted. 5.2 Can certain company be changed at a later point of time? Proprietary company limited by shares and Public Company limited by shares are both appropriate for the Ted’s business. In Future, if Ted wants to convert from proprietary to public or either from public to proprietary, he can convert it. 5.2.1 Proprietary to Public Company Corporation act allows proprietary company limited by shares to convert to public company limited by shares by passing a special resolution to this effect and by lodging an application with ASIC: s162 (CA) and s163 (CA). Also, the company should omit the word â€Å"Proprietary† from the company. Then the company is issued with an amended certificate of registration and becomes a public company. Under s165(CA), if the company has contravened s113 (CA), then ASIC may direct a proprietary company to change to public company. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 5.2.2 Public to Proprietary Company Corporation act allows public company to convert to proprietary company by passing a special resolution to this effect and by lodging an application with ASIC: s162 (CA) and s163 (CA). The special resolution must alter the company name by including â€Å"Proprietary† or â€Å"Pty†. Also, S113 (CA) states that the proprietary companies to have share capital and a maximum number of 50 shareholder members. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 6. On-going requirements If Ted were to set up a proprietary or public company, several more steps would have to be taken from the time the company is officially registered. Firstly, under s286 (CA), a detailed financial record should be kept by Ted. Also, these records should be available for the next seven years. A minute book must be there under section 251A (CA). Whereby, the minute book consists of the records and resolution of meetings which should be signed by  the director and chairperson of the company. Also, minute should include declaration form which is optional for proprietary and compulsory for public company. Additionally, under s168 (CA) register have to be maintained for members, option holders and debenture holders. As, Ted wants to increase his capital, he should give notice to ASIC of the shares he wants to issue, amounts paid and unpaid on the shares. Likewise, within two months, Ted need to issue share certificates to the holders. Appointing a public tax officer and an appropriate ins urance would be advised for Ted. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 7. Liable for the actions After setting up the company, the shareholders, members are not liable for the actions undertaken by the company. The precedent case Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd (1897) Ac 22, the court decided that Salomon was not held liable because the company and he himself are two different business entity doing business together. However, the court will lift the veil of incorporation if the company is used to perpetuate a fraud, if company is used to avoid an existing legal obligation, situation of agency and so on. Whereby, veil of incorporation is defined as barrier which separates the company on one hand and the members, promoters and controllers on the other. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) In the case Re Darby (1911) 1 KB 95, the court decided that Darby was liable for his actions and so the court lifted the veil of incorporation. Also, in the case Gilford Motors Co Ltd v Home (1933) Ch 935, the court held that the Gilford was liable as the company was created for fraudulent purposes. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) Under the case Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd (1964) 2 QB 480, the court decided that there must be a representation that the agent has the authority, the 3rd party must be well known that the contract is done on good faith and the contract must have power under memo & articles to make contract. Or else, the person will be fully liable for his/ her activities. (Commonwealth Consolidated Act 2001) 8. Restrictions on the sale of shares Usually shares are easily transferable. Shareholders have right to buy and sell the shares. However, the company also can restrict the shareholders to  transfer the shares. S1072 G (CA) states that the director of proprietary companies have right to refuse to transfer shares. Also, S1072 F (CA) states that the public company have limited right to restrict transfer of share. (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts 2001) This shows that Ted can restrict on the sale of shares by following the S1072 G (CA) or S1072 F (CA). He might do this to be the majority shareholder of the company. He can maintain the less chances of takeover by the third party. Also, if he restricts the transfer of shares then the business would remain in the family’s hand only. 9. Recommendation and Conclusion Type of business run, individual circumstances, the level of control and financial situation are the things which should be considered before choosing which type of company to set up. For example, if the company can easily get a large capital, have easy transfer of share ownership, have good ability to borrow money from public and possibly list on the stock exchange, then choosing public company with limited shares won’t be the wrong decision for Ted. (Finance 2007) However, many small businesses like Ted’s are unlikely to require these abilities and are more willing to set up a company structure for family tax planning. Likewise, company also provides more benefits than sole trader, i.e. limited liability, recognition, enough flexibility and so on. This shows that the appropriate form of company would be proprietary company limited by shares for Ted. To conclude, a proprietary limited company is the most common type of company set up by small businesses. So, Ted can ch oose proprietary company with limited shares. Also, in future if he wants to expand his business, he can go through some legal formalities and can convert to public company limited by shares. List of References Adams, M, 2002, Essential Corporate Law, 1st edn, London Commonwealth Consolidated Act, 2001, Corporation Act 2001, viewed 30 April 2012, Davies, P 1997, Gower’s Principles of Modern Company Law, 6th edn, London Finance, 2007, Proprietary limited company, viewed 30 April 2012, Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, 2000, Understanding Company Law, 10th edn, Sydney, New South Wales Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, 2001, Understanding Company Law, 9th edn, Sydney, New South Wales Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, Welsh, M, 2010, Understanding Company Law, 15th edn, Sydney, New South Wales

Helping Teachers Become Leaders Essay

In â€Å"Helping Teachers Become Leaders,† Patricia Phelps (2008) presents a model that teachers, administrators and teacher educators can internalize in order to cultivate effective teacher leadership in our nation’s schools. Phelps begins her discussion of teacher leadership first by defining the concept. She cites Barth’s definition: â€Å"Making happen what you believe in† (p. 19). Phelps then goes on to argue that the development of teacher leadership has often been overlooked by both teacher education programs and by school administrators themselves: â€Å"The importance of cultivating leadership among teachers should not be underestimated as a powerful way to improve schools† (p. 122). The risk then of not empowering teachers to become leaders results in a significant threat to healthy school communities and effective and empowering teaching: â€Å"Those teachers who do not become leaders are typically satisfied with the status quo, easily discouraged, sometimes cynical, perhaps burned out, and may engage minimally in professional development activities† (p. 123). In the school that I have been working at, it is very evident that the handful of teachers who do believe in their ability to become leaders, are indeed the teachers who complain the most without doing anything about it, and seem to be most dissatisfied with their job. After having developed an argument for the rationale behind cultivating teacher leadership, Phelps outlines several key components about what skills, dispositions and competencies teachers need in order to take on leaderships roles within their schools. To begin with teachers must know what they believe about education. Phelps argues that teachers should be presented with opportunities throughout their teacher education program and throughout their careers that ask them to define what they believe about best teaching practices and the purpose of education. Furthermore, Phelps argues, teachers must understand and appreciate the value of becoming a leader in the schools. Teacher education programs and staff development must show examples of how teachers can and should become agents of positive change within their schools. Phelps also reminds teachers that a critical disposition for becoming a teacher leader is resiliency. Inevitably teachers will encounter obstacles along the way either internally from colleague or administrators or externally as a result of federal policy that sometimes fails to take into account the best interests of students. The next step in Phelps’ model is the development of the knowledge base that will help teachers assume a proactive and effective role within the school: â€Å"The knowledge base of teacher leadership consists primarily of the concepts of educational change and school culture† (p. 121). Phelps suggests that there are various types of roles that a teacher leader might assume: advocate, innovator and steward. After explaining how the teacher can best prepare to assume leadership roles, Phelps goes on to suggest that school administrators also play a significant role in determining whether or not teachers will feel comfortable taking on leadership roles: â€Å"By making clear the unique challenges that a school faces, the principal opens opportunities for leadership† (p. 120). I believe that Phelps’ emphasis on administrator’s role in this process is important. Administrators very much set the tone at a school, and when teachers feel that their ideas are valued and appreciated, they will be much more likely to step up to leadership roles. My principal frequently asks for staff input during meetings and asks for volunteers to become members of a committee. For example, when the school was considering whether to implement a dress code, our principal formed a committee and took all of their recommendations when it came time to adopt new policy. This makes staff members at our school feel valued and much more likely to take on leadership roles when they see other ways to improve the school. The process of preparing teachers to become leaders requires the commitment of many, not just teachers themselves. Teachers must be able to articulate what they believe and identify the roles that they can assume within the school to effect change. Administrators must create a positive tone and actively seek input from their staff. Teacher educators have the responsibility of cultivating an attitude and a belief in pre-service teachers that teacher leadership is both possible and necessary. If administrators, teachers and teacher educators take to heart these core components outlined by â€Å"Helping Teachers Become Leaders,† then we will make a big step toward sculpting out positive work environments that welcome and promote innovation. I believe that readings and discussions in this course about why becoming a leader is so important to schools and to individual teachers will help me to seek out and assume leadership roles throughout my career. Especially in the early stages of my career, I see myself most able to assume the role of steward, by exemplifying effective and innovative teaching practices and displaying a strong work ethic and a positive attitude about my profession. Once I begin to establish more of a professional identity, I hope then to be able to assume leadership roles in my school that will result in positive change on an even larger level.

political participation essays

political participation essays In this essay, to better understand the mode of communal activity, there will first be given a discussion about what political participation is. This discussion will include a look at all the modes of conventional participation, that is: Voting, campaign activities and most importantly communal activities. To answer the given question a more indebt discussion about communal activity will be given followed by an example of communal activity from South Africa. Political participation can broadly be defined as the active participation and the involvement of the public in politics to help define societal goals and carry it out in a democracy. The active involvement of the public in the process of democracy helps to establish and keep legitimacy and trust in the political system. Citizens in any political system that is democratically based place a lot of value on the right to have the democratic freedom to help decide their own future. Conventional ways in which citizens can participate politically include voting, campaign activities and communal activities. There are also forms of unconventional participation like protests and demonstrations that can also help citizens to let their voice be heard. No political system can endure without the support of its populace (Manheim, 1986: 52). If a linkage between the citizens and the political system [is not created and maintained], there is a failure of reinforcement and ultimately the political system will also fail (Manheim, 1986: 54). There exists a mutual dependency between the citizens and the political system. The political system can implement a great number of policies, but without the support of the political culture (the citizens); there will be no hope for the policies to work. In order to maintain the support of its citizens, without which it may well be unable to function effectively, the political system must appear similar enough to what those cit...

Analysis of Kentucky Fried Chicken-Free-Samples for Students

KFC founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food chain popular for their fried chicken items. They have their headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky. It is the world’s second largest chain of restaurant after McDonalds with its presence in almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries (Alviola IV et al.,2014). KFC was one of the foremost American restaurants to expand internationally in Canada, Mexico and United Kingdom in the mid 1960s. The KFC chain is a subsidiary of the Yum brands, a brand that also owns pizza hut and taco bell chains (Kelly & Swinburn, 2015).   KFC’s original product was the fried chicken piece that was seasoned by Sander’s secret recipe of 11 herbs and spices. However, since the 1990s they expanded their menu to include chicken fillet burgers, wraps, salads, side dishes like French fries and soft drinks. A PESTEL analysis is a method used to analyze and monitor the external marketing environment that has its impact on an organization, which is used to identify threats and weaknesses of the firm. PESTEL stands for political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Political factors study how and to what extent the government intervenes into the functioning of the economy. This includes the policies of the government, the political stability or instability in the market, tax policy, foreign trade policy, environmental law, legal law and trade restrictions. India has a steady government. The labor force is expensive and the companies have to pay high taxes, which reduces the profit rate in the country. The government has given freedom to the companies to do their business there way (Samnani, 2014). KFC designs the pricing structure keeping in mind the income of the people that way KFC can cater to all the classes. The political climate of India is friendly towards international businesses, which is an advantage for KFC. The operation of KFC is affected by the government rules and policies regarding the fast food industry. Currently government is controlling the fast food restaurants because of the various health issues and obesity related proble ms attached to it. KFC maintains a good relation with the government by paying taxes properly and increasing employment opportunities for the masses and follows the legal rules and restriction. Economic factors have important impact on how an organization work and how profitable they are. Economic factors include the rate of economic growth, interest rates, inflation, income of the consumers, exchange rates and so on. KFC is struggling in many economies like china where their sales are declining due to its health factors (Schrà ¶der & McEachern, 2005). With the growing health consciousness among the people, the sale of KFC is declining in many economies. Every outlet of KFC gives employment to around 10-15 people in a way it curbs unemployment ("Home | KFC", 2018). India’s economic condition is extremely good and per capita is high. Population being low resources is abundant. Though earlier the target of KFC was the upper classes, later on they changed their target market to include the middle-income group. The economic condition of India is an advantage for the company as this increases its sales. This area involves the social and cultural beliefs of the consumers. This includes population growth, age distribution, career attitudes and so on. These factors are extremely important because this directly affects how marketers understand their consumers. In the social issues KFC luring of children to their unhealthy food, unethical treatment of animals and low wages to employees are widely criticized (Shoyemi, 2014). It is rumored that the chicken used by KFC are genetically modified to store more fat, which makes the chicken incapable to carry its own body weight. Many animal welfare organizations like PETA condemn KFC for such heinous issues. The social system in India is beneficial for the further growth of the company. The banking system is also strong and literacy rates are high. India being a capitalistic economy the income of the people are high, and the busy schedule of the people makes them resort to these fast food restaurants. KFC very tactfully adapts to the culture of the country they operate in. the busy lifestyle of the masses makes them resort to these unhealthy fast foods. The growing awareness about the harmful effects of fast food is proving to be a threat for KFC. The technological progression of the country affects the organization’s marketing and daily operations India has a very high per capita income and literacy rate. There technological development is also very advanced (Kelsey, 2015). Thus internet usages and exposure to advanced technology is high. KFC uses strategy to introduce new technology when they feel it is needed.   In the technological era KFC has started mobile apps with the help of which ordering and payment online is made possible. In a developing country like India this acts as an opportunity because this increases its sales and growth. With the growing concern on environment, this factor has come to the forefront in the recent years. It has become extremely important due to the scarcity of raw materials. KFC buys their packaging materials from companies that contribute to deforestation (Tiwari, 2017) This particular company also uses underage children to work for them in order to pay fewer wages to them. KFC’s treatment of the chickens used for the meal is said to be injected to make them obese. This harms the chicken and makes them extremely toxic for human consumption. This also poses several difficulties for the chickens that sometimes die because of the injections. The educated people condemn these various factors since they pose as a threat for the KFC chain. This includes the health and safety factors, advertising standards, equal opportunities, consumer laws and rights, product safety and product labeling. Every company need to know what is legal and what is not in the economy they are operating. For organizations that are global this is a difficult area to act because every country has different rules and laws (Smith et al.,2014). The government in India changes after every five years, corruption level is low. International companies are invited to start their business but their profit is low because of the high taxes. The government gives enough freedom to the firms to conduct their business and does not intervene unnecessary in the daily workings. KFC has to abide by the legal rules and regulations laid down by the government of India for the smooth operations. The above analysis clearly provides an overview of the external environmental conditions faced by the company KFC. The external environmental conditions form an important part of the company and often it is seen that they are beyond the control of the company. The company however, can utilize the external environmental conditions by turning the risks or threats faced by it into future opportunities. Global diversity can be defined as the process by means of which one company can distinguish itself from another not only on the basis of the services provided by them but also on the basis of the strategies as well as the global plan followed by them. This is an important process by means of which the various companies can adapt themselves to the global market and it also allows them to work as per the needs and the requirements of the customers. The company Kentucky Fried Chicken uses the various aspects of global diversity to market its products in more than 198 different countries of the world ("Home | KFC", 2018). The company KFC, in India itself has more than 350 outlets, thereby making India as one the largest center of its business ("Home | KFC", 2018). America is another country where the products of the company KFC are in much demand ("Home | KFC", 2018). The company KFC, as a matter of fact has its headquarters in Kentucky, United States of America ("Home | KFC", 2018). The cultural characteristics of the country India on the basis of the Hofstede’s cultural model would reveal the following facts- Figure 1: Hofstede’s Cultural Insights for India Source: ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018) The above figure clearly indicates that the Indian people score low on the individualism quotient, which means the people like to work in groups and group culture is prevalent there ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018). The people of India score very high on the power distance score which means that the people appreciate the hierarchy system prevalent at their work place and they are very dependent on their bosses or the higher authorities for the performance of their job roles ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018). The score of India on the Hofstede’s culture for the aspect of masculinity indicates that the Indian society is driven by competition, success and achievement ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018). The low score of the nation for the aspect of uncertainty avoidance indicates that the people have low preference for avoiding uncertainty ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018). The cultural characteristics of the country United States of America on the basis of Hofstede’s cultural model would reveal the following facts- Figure 2: Hofstede’s cultural insights for United States of America Source: ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018) The above figure clearly indicates that the people of the United States of America are very individualistic and like to work in an individualistic manner (Taras, Steel, & Kirkman, 2012). The low score on the power distance aspect indicates that the people of the United States of America do not endorse the inequality of the division of power in the society ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018). The high score on the aspect of masculinity indicates that the people of the United States of America are driven by factors like success, competition and achievement ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018). The low score on the uncertainty avoidance indicates that the people of America are fairly tolerant towards the changes in technology, innovations and the desire to try out new things ("Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights", 2018). Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that if the American company, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is to expand its business in India then it will have to take into consideration the various aspects of the culture of the Indian nation. The company will especially have to make adjustments in the aspects of power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance as well as masculinity. KFC opened its first outlet in India at Bangalore in the year 1995 ("Home | KFC", 2018). The company currently owns more than 350 outlets in the nation ("Home | KFC", 2018). This is a reflection of the successful collaboration of the company KFC with the franchise Yum ("Yum! Brands – A World with More Yum!", 2018). It is to be noted that the company has transformed some of the traditional products offered by it in order to suit the taste as well as the needs of the Indian customers (Sania, Kalpina, & Javed, 2015). It is to be noted that in the initial phase the company had to face some protest as the regards the type of raw materials used by it for the preparation of its products. Then there were others who protested to the non-vegetarian products sold by the outlets ("Home | KFC", 2018). The company KFC, therefore in order to capture the needs as well as the requirements of the customers started its new brand of products and food items with the slogan â€Å"So Veg, So Goodâ €  ("Home | KFC", 2018). This plan was introduced as part of its Indian-specific promotional strategy, which was much appreciated by the Indian customers. The second important strategy adopted by the company in a bid to capture the Indian market was the introduction of the 5-in-1 meal boxes and the use of the local dabbawalas for the purposes of the delivery of the products to the office goers (Shoyemi, 2014). It is to be noted that the Indian dabbawalas are known for their efficiency as well as timely delivery services (Shoyemi, 2014). Therefore, this strategy proved to a vital one for the company as it not only enabled them to procure a reliable delivery system but also enabled them to capture the office goers customers of the nation. Another, important strategy utilized by the company is the introduction of the new system of Watt a Box, which is similar in many respects to the traditional 5-in-1 meal boxes of the company with the only difference being that in this particular r espect the customers can order their meals over the phone (Hussain, 2014). The company even follows effective pricing policy as well as provides discount services in a bid to attract more customers to its outlets. These in short are some of the strategies, which the company has utilized over the years to capture the market of the Indian nation. The company offers a wide range of products to its Indian customers like Hot & Crispy Chicken, Chicken Zinger Burger, Fiery Grilled bucket chickens, Rice Bowlz and various others ("Home | KFC", 2018). The company also provides a wide range of vegetarian products to the Indian customers. This is something which is not seen among the range of products offered by the company in its American outlets. The pricing strategy followed by the company in its Indian outlets is different from the ones which it follows in its American market. The company follows a pricing strategy in its Indian market as per the needs and the requirements of the customers and the market conditions. The company uses the social media and newspapers for the purposes of promotion of its products. The company in order to attract more customers had tie up with various other companies like Yum brands and Pepsi Co ("Home | KFC", 2018). They even offer attractive offers like combo meals and others to attract the customers. The primary supplier of raw materials for the company is Venky’s, which is the largest supplier of raw chickens in India ("Home | KFC", 2018). The operational strategy followed by the company in India are listed below- It is to be noted that the business of the company grew by 8% in the country of India in the year 2017 ("Home | KFC", 2018). The company owns more than 350 outlets in the country ("Home | KFC", 2018). The supplier system of the company in the country India is shown by the following figure- The primary competitors of the company KFC in India are McDonalds, Subway, Domino’s and various others ("Home | KFC", 2018). Initially, the target customer base of the company was just the office going population and to capture that customer the company effectively utilized the services of the dabbawalas. However, over the years, the focus of the company has changed significantly and to grab the attention of the other part of the population of the nation, the company started to focus on its vegetarian menu. The company, presently, is trying to grab the attention of the younger generation of the Indian population in the age range of 18-40 ("Home | KFC", 2018). It is commonly seen that the people in this particular age range are the ones who live a fast life and are more open to the kind of products offered by the company KFC. Risk can be defined as the potential situation in which a person or an organization stands to lose or gain something of considerable value (McNeil, Frey, & Embrechts, 2015). It is to be noted that risk forms an important aspect in the process of business management (Schermerhorn et al., 2014). It is often that the companies which are willing to come out of their comfort zone and take considerable amount of risks are the ones which succeed in the longer run (McNeil, Frey, & Embrechts, 2015). The company, KFC is an example of this particular doctrine. The company KFC is one of the largest and most loved brands of the United States of America. The company could have stayed content with its monopoly of the business world. However, the company undertook a considerable amount of risk when it decided to venture into the market of India. It is to be noted that the culture as well as the eating habits of India is completely different from the country of the United Nations of America. There wa s a considerable element of risk involved in the process. However, the company decided to take the risk and judging by the performance of the company in the recent few years in the Indian nation it would be fair to say that the risk taken by the company KFC paid off. The company in the recent times has enjoyed considerable success in the Indian nation. However, there are some risks as well which the company faces in the country of India- The company KFC can manage the above listed risks by various effective strategies like the ones mentioned bellow- Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the companies need to take various factors into consideration for the purpose of doing business in other countries of the world. It is normally seen that various companies embark on the path of globalization without taking into consideration the cultural, political, environmental, legislative and other aspects of the countries in which they are about to open their business centers. This often instead of expanding the business of the company causes several problems for the parent companies. Therefore, it is advisable for the companies to take into consideration the internal as well as the external environments of the countries into consideration before opening their business centers into those countries. The companies also need to take into consideration the various risks faced by them and develop effective risk management strategies which would mitigate the risks faced by them. It is often seen that an effective management of risks can lead to the overall growth as well as the development of the company concerned. Alviola IV, P. A., Nayga Jr, R. M., Thomsen, M. R., Danforth, D., & Smartt, J. (2014). The effect of fast-food restaurants on childhood obesity: a school level analysis.  Economics & Human Biology,  12, 110-119. Cotti, C., & Tefft, N. (2013). Fast food prices, obesity, and the minimum wage.  Economics & Human Biology,  11(2), 134-147. Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights. (2018).  Hofstede Insights. Retrieved 7 February 2018, from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/the-usa/ Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights. (2018).  Hofstede Insights. Retrieved 7 February 2018, from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/india/ Home | KFC. 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Coventry's contribution to transportation Essay

Coventry's contribution to transportation - Essay Example The automotive industry in the United Kingdom- UK dates back to the end of the 19th century. During the 1950’s, the car manufacturing industry in the UK became the second largest in the globe falling behind to the United States (NAIGT 2008, p.89). At the time, the UK was the largest exporter of cars. In the decades following the 1950’s, the industry faced greater competition from other car manufacturing nations such as France, Japan and Germany. This led to a fall in growth of the industry. By 2008, statistics showing the production of cars by volume ranked the UK as the 12th largest car manufacturer. As competition in car making rose during after 1950, so too did the number of foreign car manufactures rise in the country (Tom, Jason & Clive 2012, p. 54). Companies such as BMW, TATA, and Volkswagen Group invaded the industry. Foreign company groups also claim a large percentage of ownership in traditional British car brands such as Rover, Triumph and Riley (Wells 2010, p. 103). Below is a picture of a Triumph Dolomite sprint car that got manufactured between 1973 and 1980; The Coventry motor industry has experienced innovations and inventions over the years as it faces competition and pressures from the market. The industry has invested heavily in modular design and technology in response to other competing automotive firms in other countries (Tom, Jason & Clive 2012, p. 13). ... This becomes possible through the industry’s extremely sophisticated systems integration skills. The industry has also seen massive technological progress since its inception. The industry has incorporated vital features to ensure vehicle safety (Tom & David 2000, p. 118). Technological progress has also seen the industry focus on issues such as fuel economy, environmental impact, comfort, performance and versatility. Technology and modern management skills have led to transformation of the industry through cutting edge design analysis, lightweight materials, extension of digital control to enable most car functions. Coventry has recently assisted in developing cars that embrace green technology such as electric cars and hydrogen powered vehicles (NAIGT 2008, p.65). The image below represents the technological advancements in green technology by the industry; Part 2: Report One sector that makes up the Coventry automotive industry gets to be research and development- R&D. the efforts of Coventry’s R&D get geared towards a technology roadmap that makes use of relevant resources to build cars that meet the consumers’ demands and environmental demands. This paper will analyze the R&D segment of Coventry’s automotive industry to determine its strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Success of the industry’s R&D will ensure that the industry remains competitive and relevant in the current global automotive industries (NAIGT 2008, p.59). The current global targets in transport aim towards decarbonizing the system by 2050, improving vehicle performance, safety and designs. R&D expenditures represent key information on the sustainability of an industry. The R& D represent an